Zagorodnia O. Metal production tools of Berezhnovka-Maiovka Srubnaya Culture (on materials of Kartamysh archaeological district).

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences (CSc)

State registration number

0414U002265

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 07.00.04 - Археологія

11-06-2014

Specialized Academic Board

Д 26.234.01

NAS Institute of Archaeology

Essay

The study includes systematization of rock, bone and ceramics artifacts from the sites of Berezhnovka-Maiovka Srubnaya Culture (BMSC) of the Late Bronze Age located in Donbass. The database contains 1091 objects from Kartamysh archaeological district. This assemblage has been processed by the author using structural, technological, functional and contextual analysis. 926 copies among them are preserved tools and their fragments. The functions of 811 objects have been identified (implements, fixtures, accessories, utensils, furniture, weapons). The evidences of handling and wear are determined for 115 items. Comparative materials from other pits and settlements in Donbass (Pilipchatino, Klinove, Vyskrivka, Midna Ruda) have been also used. Kartamysh sites assemblage is specific since there are evidences of all metal production process stages: mining, ore processing, metallurgical and metal-working. Microscopic use-wear analysis and experiments have enabled to reconstruct the objects' functions. These materials are grouped into functional classes. The most representative is metal production tools. The leather-processing, stone working, woodworking artifacts are presented in a small volume. Different functional groups are singled out in metal production tools. They are mining (mattocks, hacks, hammers), ore processing (pestles/ grinding handstones, mortars/ grinding slabs, bone instruments used in gravitation process), metallurgical (scoop), metal-working (moulds, hammers, anvils, abrasives, scraper) instruments. Most of tools are made of local rocks, such as copper sandstone and quartzite sandstone. The workpieces have been treated in minimum way since a suitable raw material for its parameters have been chosen. Different groups of use-wear traces have been observed. Mining tools have deep crushed surfaces which are typical for a strike on a solid material. Ore processing tools have crushed and smoothed areas with directional grooves. Metal working traces are micro recesses, intense metallic luster, sometimes residues of copper oxides. Mining, ore processing and metalworking stone tools from Kartamysh and other well-known Eurasian ancient pits are generally similar. In the past raw materials were pebbles and nodules, modified or unmodified. The difference is clear at the level of a combination of different types of instruments.

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