In the thesis the peculiarities of the individualism-collectivism dilemma as a universal value and mental dimension of cultural variability aimed to find individualist and/or collectivist priorities of the modern Ukrainian culture are analyzed. It has been found out that the place and role of individualism-collectivism construct in the system of cross-cultural categories on the modern level of research, are being transformed under the influence of such concepts' multi-dimensionality such as universal cultural phenomena, cultural variation and variability, value dilemmas (dichotomy, continuum, binary oppositions etc.). It deals with the system of the national mental values, which are the main creative systemic and structural factors in the paradigm of modern scientific methodology. The great attention is paid to the research of the basic mental value transformations, scientific tendencies and the definition of the main methodological ways of the overcoming disagreements concerning a priority of the individual psychological and/or cultural, social determinants in its forming. Many factual materials and the achievements of modern quantitative cross-cultural studies, held in Ukraine (V. Lipov, P. Sheremeta, J. Latov, N. Latovа, A. Cheshkov, S. Novosad, N. Litvinenko, G. Pylypenko, M. Levytska, European Social Research, P. Spectr, K. Cooper, K. Sparks, T. Bradley, L. Pochebut, I. Meyzhys) and abroad (H. Triandis, D. Matsumoto, S. Schwartz, G. Hofstede, F. Trompenaars). All of the researches allow you to form a view that the prevalence of individualist or collectivist values in world and Ukrainian cultures, particularly, in its transformations in historical perspective and nowadays. The possible way of Ukrainian culture development taking into consideration individualist and/or collectivist priorities, based on the rational and reasonable combination of content mental values, is determined. It projects on the modern views on the peculiarities of cultural coexistence, which main goal should be the inclination to the well-being and social unity.
