Shulga I. Establishment and development of chemistry in Kharkiv Technological and Chemical-Technological institutes (1885 - 1949)

Subject of research: development of chemistry in the high technical school of Ukraine during the end of XIX - the first half of XX centuries. Aim of research: complex study of history of chemistry as one of basic directions of scientific research and training of engineer staff in Kharkiv Technological (KhTI) and Chemical-Technological (KhChTI) institutes during the end of XIX - first half of XX centuries. Methods of research: complex of general scientific (historical, logical, etc.), interdisciplinary (statistical, biographical, etc.) and historical (historical and genetic, historical and comparative, historical and typological) methods. Theoretical and practical results: the establishment and development of chemistry as a science and engineer staff training discipline in Kharkiv Technological and Chemical-Technological institutes is studied in historical context of the high technical education during the end of XIX - the first half of XX centuries. The obtained conclusions can be used at preparing of the summarizing historical works on the chemical science in the high technical school of the end of XIX - the first half of XX centuries. The collected and systematized data will be useful for preparing courses on the history of science and technology and writing papers devoted to biography of scientists in chemistry. Scientific newness: the establishment and development of chemistry in KhTI and KhChTI during 1885 - 1949 is complexly studied for the first time in historical literature, founded on a fundamental source base. A number of archive materials on scientific and pedagogical activity of professors (I. A. Krasusky, M. D. Zuyev, Yu. L. Zubashev, I. I. Strelkov, G. V. Kukolyev, and others) is introduced into scientific circulation, and also a little-studied period of activity of KhPI during German occupation (1941 - 1943) is described. The chemical laboratory, material and technical basis of the department of chemical technology of nutritional substances are analysed according to the tasks of research and training aims in Kharkiv Technological Institute. The basic trends of the institualization (organization of the departments, research institutes, professional scientific associations), professionalization (trends and forms of the education) on the chemical area in KhTI and KhChTI are determined. The features of the development of chemistry in KhChTI are exposed. The contribution of scientists of KhTI and KhChTI to the development of chemistry and chemical technology is described based upon the analysis of their expert and scientific organizational activity. The approaches to the solution of the staff problem in KhTI and KhChTI are disclosed. The bibliography of scientific works of scientists in chemistry is supplemented. Degree of implementation: the results of the work are involved into the course "Introduction to the speciality" at the department of technology of fats and products of fermentation in NTU "KhPI". Sphere of application: history of science and technology.