Revtie A. Changing properties of chernozem podzolized medium loamy under anhydrous ammonia influence

Object - changes of soil properties under the influence of mineral fertilizers. Purpose - to determine regularities of changes of parameters of indicators of basic properties of chernozem podzolic under acting waterless ammonia at the different methods of processing for the improvement of soil fertility monitoring at systematic application of this type of fertilizer. Methods - field, laboratory-analytical, microbiological, calculation and mathematical statistics. Theoretical results - the theoretical generalization and new solution of scientific tasks of comprehensive assessment of the anhydrous ammonia impact on the indicators of the basic properties of chernozem podzolic to improve the monitoring of soils and prevent potential environmental risks in a systematic use of this type of fertilizer. It is estimated stability of soil microstructure to the investigated factor of anthropogenesis. Directions of change of the humus state of soil are determined at bringing of waterless ammonia, namely changes of maintenance of general maintenance of humus and labile humus. Found that the most significant changes in the parameters of the soil indicators occur in a restricted localized zone of fertilizer application in the first days after its application, which will eventually become less noticeable. Practical results - improved and scientifically justified method of soil fertility monitoring on the land, where there is systematic use of anhydrous ammonia to fertilize crops. It is well-proven that application of waterless ammonia on chernozem podzolic medium loamy of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine in a dose 100 kg/ ha for the fertilizer of corn on grain and winter wheat provides higher agronomical and economic efficiency, than scattered bringing of ammoniac saltpetre. Novelty - for the first time it is given a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of chernozem podzolic medium loamy to the action of anhydrous ammonia by the main physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological properties, most sensible indexes of changes of soil fertility are determined in the three-year loop of supervisions; regularities of seasonal dynamics of indexes of soil their spatial differentiation are determined after entering of the concentrated ammonia in soil. In particular, there are defined the temporal effects (labialization of humus, acidifying, decalcification and oppressing of microbiocenosis) caused by the direct action of ammonia in the zones of its introduction, and trends of gradual changes properties of soil, during the systematic application of this fertilizer; methodical bases of soil monitoring got further development on the agricultural lands by systematic application of waterless ammonia, namely: the optimal method of soil sampling is developed, indicators and periodicity of their control are defined. Degree of application - research results are implemented in the activities of GO "Derzhhruntokhorona", as well as in production in Vostro PJSC "Rise-Maksymko" of Lokhvitskiy district, Poltava region on the area of 0.34 hectares and industrial crops of PE "Dzherelo" of Velykoburlutske district of Kharkiv region with a total area 585 ha. The materials of the dissertation work are used in the scientific advice of "Ecological and economic feasibility of application of anhydrous ammonia in agriculture and the educational process of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev and Lviv National Agrarian University. The field is agriculture.