The dissertation is devoted to the complex research of the lifecourse, researches, scientific and educational activity of G. Gamow (1904 - 1968) - famous American theoretical physicist with Ukrainian origin, author of alpha-decay theory, theory of hot Universe, creator of the first gene-coding model and author of plenty of sci-fi works. It was highlighted on the basis of a wide range of sources, that there is a huge contribution, made by G. Gamow in the formation of modern views about structure of the atom, the phenomena of radioactivity, the role of physicist in creation of the ideas and theories about the origin of the Universe and his influence on the development of the scientific community, his role in the formation of the scientific worldview of many theoretical physicists. George Gamow was born on March 4, 1904 in Odessa, finished a secondary education in the Odessa Real School, then continued his studies at the Fizmatin and the Petrograd University. The period of Gamow's formation as a scientist falls on the period of the 20-30-ies. of XX century, during this period the young scientist formulates the first theories in the field of nuclear physics, the internships in the best universities (G?ttingen, Copenhagen, Cambridge) and cooperation with leading scientists (N. Bohr, E. Rutherford, M. Born, P. Ehrenfest, A. Ioffe, etc.) created a possibility for G. Gamov to enter the world scientific community and discover the newest trends in physical science. In 1928, G. Gamov introduced the theory of alpha decay based on the tunnel effect. After returning from business trips to Leningrad, G. Gamov conducts research in nuclear physics at the Radium Institute, the Physics and Mathematics Institute, and the Leningrad University (1931 - 1933). In March 1932, by the recommendation of V. Vernadsky, V. Khlopin and L. Mysovskii, Gamow became the youngest corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1933, the scientist makes a decision to leave the borders of the USSR due to a number of reasons related to difficulties in obtaining permission to travel abroad for participation in international conferences. In 1934, Gamow received an invitation from the University of Washington, in which the physicist continues to work on theoretical physics and initiates annual conferences. The American period of life and scientific activity is characterized by the collaboration of a physicist with world-renowned scientists (A. Einstein, E. Teller, M. Schonberg, C. Critchfield, etc.). Gamow develops well-known theories, such as the theory of the Hot universe, the theory of the evolution of stars with thermonuclear energy sources, the scientist formulates the first model of decoding the genetic code. Also, Gamow is known as a popularizer of science, publishing a series of stories about Mr. Tompkins. In 1956, the scientist moves to Boulder and continues his teaching at the University of Colorado, the same year the physicist receives the UNESCO Prize for his contribution to the popularization of science.
