Lvov O. Pathophysiological substantiation of physical preparation program of the special medical groups of students taking into account their somatotype

The issue of increasing productivity and functional capacity in the context of significant grow of students' workload is an extremely relevant task nowadays. Physical culture is the most effective factor of maintaining and improving one's health. The researchers who study adaptation processes focus their attention on the character of change of main physiological characteristics of healthy people compared to that of people who play sports. Nevertheless, the issues of optimization of physical exercise for students who, based on their state of health, are recommended to attend special medical group of physical training have not been explored yet. The aim of this study is to investigate peculiarities and age dynamics of morphofunctional features of physiques' development in students of different types of constitution who attend special medical group and defining correction opportunities of their functional state as well as physical fitness using organized motion activity.The research complies with common bioethical norms and corresponding ethical principles regarding human experimentation listed in Declaration of Helsinki, European Council Convention on human rights and biomedicine as well as applicable laws of Ukraine regarding experimental and clinical research. The total number of volunteers amounted to 200 young people.The following peculiarities of physical development and functional characteristics of principle systems of organism of different somatotypes in male students of special medical group were identified: people possessing muscular somatotype due to better development of cardiovascular and muscular systems showed best results in terms of physical development and physical fitness, followed by people possessing astheno-thoracic somatotype with better developed central nervous system while people possessing digestive somatotype with satisfactory level of muscular and cardiovascular system development occupied the third place. It is established that each of the somatotypes has special individually predictable strong and weak points of motor skills and heterochrony, characteristics of physical development taking into account pathological processes which characterize the diagnosis of students attending special medical group.Implementing special elaborated motion activity programs which are based on somatotype while taking into consideration the main diagnosis of special medical group students into education process showed therapeutic effect, which allowed to reduce the level of pathological processes which resulted in decreasing the frequency of appeals to hospitals or medical facilities (including those due to main diagnosis) by 52%; increasing students' physical fitness and muscles performance capacity by 7.8% which is evidenced by improving all physiological systems and decreasing of the level of their pathologic features and transferring 31.7% of students form special medical group to the regular or preparatory group of physical training which indicates decreasing of pathologic features connected to the main diagnosis.