The Dissertation is devoted to the actual problem of clinical urology - to increase the efficiency of treatment of patients suffering from urolithiasis, complicated by acute pyelonephritis, by defining the role of uropathogens in the development of both the inflammatory process of the kidneys and stone formation in order to improve the treatment regimens taking into account the biological properties of pathogens.The results of the complex examination and treatment of 132 patients with calculous pyelonephritis are presented, and the treatment regimens for patients with ureaplasmosis for the early metaphylaxis of stone formation, both phosphates and oxalates, are developed.In patients undergoing surgical and anti-rheumatic treatment, the function of the affected kidney is recovered much faster after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.The spectrum of pathogens of the concomitant inflammatory process in the kidneys is studied by examining the urine samples obtained from the kidney and the bladder, and it was shown that in one third of patients the species spectrum of microorganisms, their titres, and sensitivity to antibiotics did not coincide. When appointing personified antibiotic therapy, the named indicators derived from the kidney were taken into account.It was shown that the leading pathogens of concomitant pyelonephritis were P. mirabilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and U. urealyticum. It has been stated that in patients having P. mirabilis and U. urealyticum in the urine, phosphates are formed, and in case of monoinfection caused by biowar U. urealyticum and oxalates, too. The concept of stone formation (oxalates) was formed (developed) with mono - ureaplasma infection. There has been proved the leading role of pH in the process of formation of "infectious" concrements.The results we have received testify to the interrelation between the species spectrum of pathogens of various taxonomic position, found in urine, and the mineral composition of stones in patients under study. One of the main risk factors in urolithiasis is the urinary pH index that strictly delimits the processes of precipitation of uriniparous salts by their physico-chemical indices. The alkaline reaction of urine in patients is the condition for precipitation of calcite and magnium salts of phosphorous acid, which coincides with the existing composition of the stones removed. Just very ureaplasmas and protei due to their high urease activity, in spite of different taxonomic position, promote the stable alkalescent urinary pH index - >7.0.Proceeding from the obtained results of the comparison of the chemical structure of the removed concrements and the species spectrum of the urease-producing pathogens of the inflammatory process of the kidneys, a two-stage personalized antibacterial therapy of patients with ureaplasmosis was developed, which was supplemented with the appointment of an antimycotic, an immunotropic drug (Ureaplazma-Immun) and a probiotic that is used both per os and per vaginum, which made it possible
