In the dissertation, the effectiveness of the optimization technology of physical culture and health work with students of primary schools of rural schools in order to increase their physical health and psychophysical status is theoretically substantiated, developed and experimentally tested. An analysis of existing information on existing conceptual models of school physical education in elementary school is provided; generalized data on the factors that influence the organization of physical education in rural schools; certain age characteristics of the development of children 7-10 years and the need-motivational approach to their physical education; the characteristic of modern approaches to organization of the system of physical education of junior pupils is presented. The results of the confirmatory experiment. Show that: indicators of physical development of the functional state of the examined contingent are within the age limits, most indicators of physical preparedness correspond to the average level of students' learning achievement, which is not sufficient (safe), the level of somatic health of children is unsatisfactory, larger сount of them are at risk (low and below average). Analyzing the data of the study of motor activity of primary school children in rural schools, it was found that its level is insufficient, despite the fact that the time they spend at the average is greater than that of urban school children, since specially organized motor activity is only 1,4% - 4,2% (20 min. - 36 min.) оf additional time. The motives of motor activity and the interests of junior schoolchildren in the countryside to types of physical activity were studied through the analysis of a questionnaire survey. The main motives for motor activity for boys and girls are active recreation and entertainment, communication with friends, improving health. The most popular types of motor activity are outdoor games, the usual types of children's motor activity (running, jumping, throwing), tourism, dancing, fitness. Factor analysis of the motor system of the examined contingent allowed to determine the ranking of motor qualities that are most related to the morphological functional state of the organism according to the dispersion contribution and their correlation in the overall structure of physical training in the process of lessons and extracurricular activities by physical exercises. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources, the own data of the recording experiment, the technology of optimization of the system of physical culture and health work with the pupils of the primary classes of the village school was substantiated and developed. The structural elements of which are: purpose, tasks, principles, pedagogical conditions for optimization of motor activity of students 7-10 years as a factor for increasing the level of their somatic health, and - the criteria for determining the effectiveness of the proposed technology. Varieties of forms of work, kinds of motor activity, organizational and methodical principles of its conduct, which include the content, parameters, "cost" of the recommended level of motor activity, were determined. The introduction of the proposed technology allowed to increase the total volume of motor activity (at the level of 3-6 MET) for pupils of 7-10 years of rural school to 20-22 hours per week, and specially organized (at 6-7 METs) - up to 15-16 hours, which is the optimal condition for maintaining, preserving and strengthening the health of children. The criteria of the effectiveness of the developed technology served: dynamics of indicators of the morphofunctional state, physical fitness, health, parameters of motor activity. The data obtained during the formation of the experiment testify to the expediency and effectiveness of the proposed organizational and methodological approaches to optimize the physical culture and health work of the elementary level of the general school of rural society.
