The dissertation is devoted to the estimation of agroklimatic conditions for the formation of a quality of the grapes of technical varieties with different periods of ripeness in the vineyard zone of Ukraine.
Methods of research: the method of a field experiment and chemical analysis of a grape harvest; the methods of agroclimatic calculations and generalizations; the methods of statistical and probabilistic analysis; the methods of modeling the formation of agricultural crops productivity.
According to the developed program in 2013-2015, a field experiment was carried out at the plots of the department of a general and clonal selection of the
National Scientific Centre “V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking”, on the basis of which the phases of development and the biometric indices on three tiers of the bushes (upper, middle and lower) of three grape varieties with medium, medium-late and late maturity - Muscat Odessa, Sukholiman white and Odessa black were observed. In the period from the formation of the berries to their technical maturity (July-September), the selected bushes were sampled for chemical analysis to determine a content of sugar in the grape must and its acidity.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the evaluation of the agroclimatic conditions for the formation of the quality of the grape with the different terms of the maturity according to the agroclimatic parameters, which take into account the daily rhythm of the temperatures during the period of a generative development.
For the first time: the features of sugar accumulation and the dynamics of acid concentration in the berries of the grapes varieties with the different terms of maturity: the medium-terms - Muscat of Odessa, the middle terms - Sukholimansky and the late terms - Odessa black were studied; the connection between the sugar accumulation in the grapes berries, the acids concentration and the complex index of a grapes quality – a glucoacidometric index, with the regime of day and night temperatures and their correlation in the period of a generative development of grapes were defined; agroclimatic assessment of the light and heat resources by the indicators of a sunshine duration, the sums of the day and night temperatures and their difference during the period of a generative development of the various technical grape varieties in the Northern Black Sea region were made; according to the results of a numerical experiment, the patterns of the yield formation and a quality of the grapes with the different periods of maturation in the Northern Black Sea region are determined.
The model of a grapes productivity was improved and the methods of assessing the influence of agro-climatic conditions on the formation of an agricultural crops productivity were further developed.
The practical value of the results. The obtained results specify the information on the resources of light and heat, taking into account their daily regime during the period of grape harvesting and the indexes of a grapes productivity in the Northern Black Sea region. The defined links between the indexes of a grape harvest quality and the heat resources, after clarification for other varieties, can be used to determine a harvest quality of these varieties. The proposed method for determining a grapes productivity can be used in teaching the discipline "The modern agroclimatic researches". The results of the studies on the evaluation of agroclimatic conditions for the formation of a quality of the grape of various varieties have been introduced in production. The acts of introduction in the National Scientific Centre “V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking”, and the Hydrometeorological Center of the Black and Azov Seas of the Ukraine State Service for Emergency Situations have been received.
A calculated according to the model value of a sugar content in the grape berries on the date of their technical maturation varies according to the varieties. Muscat Odessa has more high level of sugar accumulation and a sugar content than that of Sukholiman white and Odessa black. Thus, on the date of a grape technical maturation, a content of sugar in the Muscat Odessa variety for three types of agro-ecological conditions is 190, 210 and 240g/100cm3 respectively, in the Sukholimanskyy white variety - 170, 190 and 195g/100cm3, while in the Odessa black variety it is 180, 195 and 200 g/100cm3.
