The thesis is devoted to the development of a coherent dialogical speech of junior schoolchildren by means of situational exercises in the process of studying lexical-grammatical and syntactic material. The system of teaching younger students for mastering dialogical speech is developed, which helps to raise the level of speech and dialogical competence of pupils who study at grades 1-4. The difficulties faced by elementary school teachers in the process of mastering dialogic speech by students are analyzed. The essence of the basic concepts of the research is revealed and clarified: competence, speech and communicative competence, dialogic competence, dialogue, situational exercise; the concept of the process of forming dialogical speech for elementary school students is proposed. The criteria and levels of students' speech and communicative competence, didactic conditions and reasons for the lack of development of dialogical speech are determined. The stages of mastering the coherent dialogical speech, types of dialogues, classification of speech exercises are analyzed and specified.
The system of situational exercises covers: content, approaches, periods, stages, principles, methods, receptions, means to ensure the effectiveness of the process of mastering coherent dialogical speech of grades 1-4; methodical recommendations on the application of the system of situational exercises in the educational process. The semantic aspect of the proposed system of exercises involves: the choice of the subject of conversation, the formation of the need for communication, the orientation of the situation and the conditions of communication, the addressee, the creation of a dialogical statement, taking into account compliance with the norms of the culture of communication.
The classification of dialogic exercises in the aspect of life experience, age and individual characteristics of students are proposed and substantiated by the author of the study. Author's system of situational exercises in teaching younger students for mastering dialogical speech is developed, which helps to raise the level of dialogical competence of children who study in grades 1 – 4. The system of teaching-training situational exercises is based on the achievements of folk pedagogy, philosophy of education, linguistics, and psycholinguistics.
The effectiveness of the developed system is substantiated theoretically and confirmed practically. On the basis of the conducted research it was proved that the developed system of situational exercises influences the development of speech, in particular, the dialogical speech of junior schoolchildren.
Keywords: dialogical competence, the process of dialogical speech formation of elementary school students, dialogue, speech and communicative competence, dialogue, situational exercise, system of situational exercises.перелік фахових видань
