Thesis for the Candidate of Psychological Sciences degree in the specialty 19.00.01 "General Psychology, History of Psychology". – Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 2019. – Institute for Social and Political Psychology of National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2019.
Thesis presents theoretical generalization and empirical solution of the problem of psychological factors of personal stress resistance of orphans.
Stress resistance is considered as a dynamic integrative property of the individual, the main parts of which are psycho-physiological, cognitive-reflexive, emotional-willed, motivational-evaluative and communicative component.
This property has a multi-level determination and is conditioned both by personal characteristics of the individual, and conditions of the environment. The peculiarities of the stress experience and the indicators of the stress resistance of the orphans are analyzed.
In addition, the resources of stress resistance have been described and their role in adaptation of an orphaned child to different real-life situations has been indicated.
On the basis of a thorough analysis of the problem, critical analysis of scientific literature and empirical research, psychological factors of personal stress resistance of orphans are determined - self-esteem, self-management, acceptance of others, emotional background in relationships with teachers, support of the close environment and the nature of their influence on the stress resistance is revealed.
The personal stress resistance of the orphans is increased by: high self-esteem (adequate attitude towards oneself, real assessment of their capabilities, skills and abilities, self-confidence); high level of self-management (ability to properly estimate their own mental states, behavior and control them, self-discipline, self-control, self-reflection); acceptance of others (satisfaction of the need for acceptance, in emotional contacts); positive emotional background in relationships with teachers (lack of fears and anxiety in communicating with them); support of the close environment (high level of trust to people who help with solving of the various life problems and providing psychological support).
A low self-esteem (uncertainty in their strength, shyness, the desire to stay in the shadow and not to be initiative); low self-management ability (inability to properly estimate their own mental states, behavior, low level of self-discipline, self-control, self-reflection); rejection of others (dissatisfaction with the need to be accepted by the environment, a sense of detachment, isolation, neglect by others); a negative emotional background in relationships with teachers (a fear not to correspond to the standard of a successful student, the fear of negative evaluation and fear to be neglected); the lack of support from the close environment (basic distrust, feeling of insecurity, psychological discomfort, social deprivation) reduce the personal stress resistance of orphans instead.
The obtained results are the basis for recommendations on psychological and pedagogical work on raising the level of personal stress resistance of the orphans. The following stages of work (diagnostic, consulting-interpretive, forming), purpose and content of it on each of them are determined. The content of comprehensive diagnostic work is revealed and its specificity is described for practical psychologists, social pedagogues, pedagogical and medical workers, which will determine the level of stress resistance of the orphans and will provide the basis for compilation of the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of such a child. The consultative-interpretative stage includes an analysis of the results of diagnosis and the development of a set of recommendations for the orphan, educators and teachers regarding the creation of conditions for increasing the stress resistance. The formation stage involves reducing the influence of stress factors, on the one hand, and the development of cognitive-reflexive, emotional, motivational-value and communicative components of stress resistance, on the other. Such work can be carried out using such means as social psychological training, support groups, organized by the family type and others.
