These scientists carried out some many-sided researches as to the problem of the crops affection with the diseases and worked out the protection measures against them. However, this problem was not generalized systematically in their works because each of them worked in the corresponding direction, in particular, resistance selection, cultural practices of protection, chemical preparations and their application, biological method of protection, etc. That is why the determination of the level in spreading and development of the diseases in the soft winter wheat leaves under the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian Forest-steppe and the substantiation of protection measures to stabilize grain production in Ukraine are a research direction of a priority. Their actuality is conditioned by the tasks of the state and branch scientific programs to stabilize the economic status. The aim of the research was to determine the spreading and development level of winter wheat leaf diseases, to clarify biological peculiarities, species composition, to ascertain their harmfulness and the use of optimum measures in the crop protection under the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian Forest-steppe. The scientific novelty of the obtained results deals with the solution of an important scientific task to determine the manifestation peculiarities of the diseases in soft winter wheat leaves determining their spreading and development level, species composition, to work out the measures of crop immunization, to use optimum crop protection measures under the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian Forest-steppe. It differs from the earlier known results with a complex approach when the task is solved.
For the first time the models of short term prognosis concerning Septoriosis of soft winter wheat leaves depending on the air temperature and precipitation amount were worked out for the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian Forest-steppe.
The influence of environment factors on pathogene nature of spot agents in the soft winter wheat leaves, their biological peculiarities, the nature of crop affection, the duration of incubation, viability of infection sources during conservation was determined. The influence of the complex in the cultural practice factors (predecessors, nutrition back-ground) on the soft winter wheat affection with mildew, Septoriosis, and brown leaf rust was ascertained. The influence of the treat preparations on sowing characteristics and productivity peculiarities of soft winter wheat seeds and effectiveness in protection against spots on the soft winter wheat leaves was revealed. The use of optimum measures in crop protection under the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian forest-steppe develops further.
The practical significance of the obtained results is characterized with the substantiation to use optimum phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops which enabled the productivity level increase by 0,58-0,97 t/ha.
Such effective treat preparations Lamardor Pro 180 FS, TH with f.c.s., (0,5 l / t), as Inshur Perform f.c.s., (0,5 l / t) and Selest Top 312,5, FS, f.c.s, (1,25 l / t) were determined. Their toxic effect lasted from the germination stage to that of grain milky ripeness.
The model as to short term prognosis of development Septoriosis in winter wheat leaves depending on air temperature and amount of precipitation was worked out. It enables to check disease development and to limit its harmful effect in proper time.
The methodical recommendations «The System of cereals protection against diseases and pests under the conditions of the Eastern part in Ukrainian Forest-steppe» were worked out and applied in the farms of Vovchanskyi and Krasnokutskyi districts in Kharkiv region on the total area amounting to 55 ha. It increased the effectiveness of the crop protection system against diseases by 11-14 %.
The essential relatively clear profit was obtained on Borviy variety owing to the use of Maxim Forte, Kinto Duo, Lamardor Pro, Insure Perform, Selest Top treat preparations ranging from 2167 to 3826 hrv/ha and the profitability level ranged from 59,1 % (Kinto Duo) to 72,7 % (Selest Top).
The relatively clear profit was obtained on Doridna variety owing to the use of Maxim Forte, Kinto Duo, Lamardor Pro, Insure Perform, Selest Top treat preparations ranging from 1948 to 3716 hrv/ha and the profitability level ranged from 56,5 % (Maxim Forte) to 78,2 % (Selest Top).
