Mykytenko A. Models of semantic development of lexemes denoting artifacts in lexical and phraseological systems of Ukrainian, German and English languages.

The thesis suggests a new approach to the study of models of semantic development of lexemes designating artifacts in lexical and phraseological systems of Ukrainian, German and English languages. The semantic process of transposing artifact names in the phraseological and lexical systems of the studied languages is described. The methodology of researching models of semantic development of artifact names in Ukrainian, German and English languages has been developed. The sources of motivation of the figurative meaning of artifact names in the three-language phraseological systems are revealed, as well as the mechanisms of acquisition of the figurative meaning by ready artifact names in the phraseologisms are revealed; the models of semantic transposition of lexemes designating artifacts as metaphorical and metonymic entities in the languages studied are established. The sources of motivation for the figurative meaning of artifact names in the phraseological systems of Ukrainian, German and English languages are extralinguistic factors, which are customs, traditions, rituals, historical and social sources, religious representations, etc. It was recorded that similarities are determined by the coincidence of common cultural surrounding reality of Ukrainian, German and English languages native speakers. At the same time, different public opinions, peculiarities of mentality, customs and traditions of each nation became the basis for the emergence of non- analogue phraseological units. The appearance of idioms also contributed to the professional activity of a man, including military and maritime affairs, where the latest was represented only in German and English languages. Metaphorical and metonymic transpositions are the mechanisms of the acquisition of figurative meaning by ready artifact names in the phraseologisms in Ukrainian, German and English languages. The analysis showed that the rethinking of artifact names based on similarity prevails over the adjacency transfer, although two thematic groups ("Furniture and decoration", "Clothes and its elements") were presented, where the metaphorical transposition was not recorded in the analyzed material.