Tymko L. Adaptability and yield of seed material varieties of potatoes different groups of ripeness in the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine

One of the most important tasks of implementing the potential ability of a variety is to determine its adaptive capacity and seed marketability of the crop for growing under certain conditions of the environment for inclusion in the seed process. Highly adaptive registered and new domestic varieties of potatoes were determined, which, according to the absolute adaptability coefficient 1 and above, were distributed as follows: Skarbnytsia (KA 1.26), Lietana (KA 1.15), Tyras (KA 1.13), Partner, Poliskedzerelo and Dorohyn (KA 1.06), Poliskayuvileina, Kniahynia and Zvizdal (KA 1.05), Zaviia, Strumok and Feia (KA 1.04), Podolianka and Zlahoda (KA 1.09), Sluch (KA 1.02) ), Karlyk04, Serpanok and Hurman (KA 1.01), Dubravka, ChervonaRuta and Ariia (KA 1.00). It has been proved that specific adaptability at different levels of yielding capacity, as the ability of the variety to use favourable conditions during growing years is typical of Podolianka, Tyras, Karlyk 04, Zaviia, Zheran, Dubravka, Poliskayuvileina, Zvizdal, Lietana, Sluch, Strumok, Zlahoda, to some extent Hurman. At the same time, the specific adaptability of the variety is distinguished by higher average yielding capacity. The seed marketability of the crop depends on the term of the removal of the top, the properties of the variety in relation to the tuber formation and the year of cultivation. During the years of research, a stable index of seed marketability of the crop during the second term of the top removal was established in the early varieties Santarka, respectively, 48.2%, 49.6% and 50.2%, Tyras 49.6%, 47.3% and 50.0%; middle-early Zaviia 48.9%, 52.3% and 52.9%, Partner 45.4%, 46.4 and 45.1, mid- ripening Lietana 52.5%, 56.9%, 51.4%. During the years of research, the plant's infestation with viral diseases did not exceed the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine “Quality and seeding quality of seed potatoes” (State Standards of Ukraine 4013–2001). Infectiousness of potato tubers with fungal diseases and the manifestation of functional diseases depends on the weather conditions of the year and the properties of the variety to withstand pathogens. By the level of estimated profitability using the tubers of the seed fraction among the early varieties are distinguished: Partner (55,3–77,6 %); mid-ripening Lietana (56,4–76,7 %); late-ripening Sluch (46,8–73,7 %). These varieties are stable in crop formation under contrasting weather conditions and are recommended for cultivation in the right-bank part of Polissya of Ukraine.