Obesity and metabolic disorders are the etiologic factors causes the pancreas pathology. The number of cases of pancreatitis has doubled in the last 30 years. Despite of the achievements of diagnostics and treatment the pancreatitis, recidivism, shortened remissions and clinical manifestations increased among population in last years. The most of physicians associate it with malnutrition and obesity. The correlation of obesity and pancreas diseases is not quite yet and requires detailed researches.
According to mentioned above, the findings of new nontoxic substances for obesity prevention is the most important objective of contemporary science. There is discussed the influence of probiotics on the lipid metabolism and obesity in the modern science literature. Buthead at al., 2004 were pioneers in the research of the role of the colon microbiota in the metabolism. That article pushed the researches on this field. It’s been shown the intestine microbiota is changed for persons who has obesity and modulate obesity development.
The base for probiotics using is the microbiota disorders of the digestive tract with metabolic syndromes that appears notable diminishing of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on the background increasing of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The mentioned above defines the aim and objectives of this research.
The aim of the study was to assess the structural and functional state of pancreas under the conditions of glutamate induced obesity development and correction with the probiotics. There was first stated that 30-days of sodium glutamate injection in a dose of 15 and 30 mg/kg (1 and 2 g/human respectively) causes necrotic, necrobiotic and destructive changes in exo- and endocrinocytes, leucocytic and lymphoid infiltration, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, edema and disorders of circulation in pancreas that was confirmed by increasing the activity of its enzymes in the serum. These features are signs of acute pancreatitis.
In this study, the effects of lyophilized probiotic strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and their compositions on anthropometric indicators of rats under experimental obesity induced by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate were investigated. After 4 months after birth in rats, which were injected subcutaneously with 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th day of life, significant development of visceral obesity of adult rats was observed. Measurements of anthropometric parameters have shown that animals with obesity had stunted growth, while weight did not differ from that of intact animals. So subcutaneous neonatal injection of monosodium glutamate is able to induce obesity without hyperphagia, which diagnosed by high Lee index and characterized by small corporal weight and naso-anal length. Impaired glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism were observed in 4-month-old rats. There was shown that neonatal injection of sodium glutamate (4 mg/g) accordingly at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th day of life caused changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the development of pancreatic inflammation (the features of acute pancreatitis), that confirmed with increasing of its enzymes in the blood plasma.
Periodic administration of probiotics has provided the significant preventive and therapeutic effect. The combined probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and VKB and Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280 (1:1:2) had the most pronounced impact on the obesity indicators and decreased the length of the body and reduced body mass index and index Lee. It was shown that injection of probiotic strains leads to an improvement in lipid metabolism was recorded in rats, which was confirmed by a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, low and very low density lipoproteins, as well as an increase in the concentration of high density lipoproteins. The prophylactic and therapeutic administration of probiotics leads to normalization of carbohydrate metabolism is observed, which is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of glucose and insulin in the blood
of rats and a decrease in the value of the HOMA insulin resistance index.
The effectiveness of using probiotics Bifidobacterium animalis VKL і VKB and Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280 to prevent the hypothalamic obesity development and inflammation of pancreas was also demonstrated. The biggest effect was revealed in the group of animals which received the combination of three probiotics: Bifidobacterium animalis VKL&VKB and Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280 (1:1:2).
It was stated that periodical injection of probiotics had notable preventing and treatment effects on the development of visceral obesity and inflammation of pancreas in rats. The acquired results are the experimental base for expediency of probiotic therapy in the complex treatment of obesity.
