Bilyy V. Seed productivity of winter wheat varieties depending on sowing and fertilization terms in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Object of study – the processes of growth, development and yield of winter wheat seeds depending on the timing of sowing and fertilizing. The aim is to improve the technology of growing seeds of winter wheat varieties depending on the timing of sowing and fertilizing in non-irrigated conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods – field - to monitor the phases of plant development, determine their biometric indicators, seed productivity and crop accounting; laboratory - analysis of plant and soil samples to determine the content of basic nutrients, determine the sowing qualities of seeds and crop structure; statistical - for conducting variance, correlation and regression analyzes of evaluation of research results; calculation and comparison - to establish the economic and energy efficiency of the elements of the technology of growing winter wheat seeds. Results – based on the results of the research, elements of the technology of growing seeds of winter wheat varieties of domestic selection, which are recommended for seed farms of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, have been developed and improved. It is determined that when growing seeds of the studied crop to optimize plant nutrition, obtaining high, sustainable and economically justified yields of quality seeds it is necessary to sow highly plastic varieties of domestic selection Antonivka and Maria, which are adapted to regional soil and climatic conditions, against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60 (main application) + N30 (in the early spring period) with the use of microfertilizer "5 element" for seed treatment and in the form of fertilization during the growing season and sowing in the first decade of October. Novelty – for the first time for the conditions of the south of Ukraine the technologies of growing winter wheat seeds of domestic varieties with optimized sowing dates and fertilization systems have been scientifically substantiated. The influence of the studied factors on the growth and development of culture, root system and aboveground mass on different predecessors is established. The positive effect of sowing and fertilization terms on the phytosanitary condition of crops was revealed. The scientific value – improved biologized intensive technology of growing crops by establishing optimal sowing dates and schemes of macro- and microfertilizers. Sector – agriculture.