Tsypyshev S. Bread products of Polishchuks: technological and sacral-semiotic aspect

The thesis examines bread products typical for the population of Polissia, as well as related to it cereal dishes that have been explored through both technological as well as sacred and semiotic aspects. The understanding of the exclusive importance of bread and all its varieties has a special place in Ukrainian folk culture as the most important food and a mandatory attribute in the majority of customary acts. It has been investigated that the main raw material for the bread-like products was rye flour. Only in the southern part of Polissia, given the favorable conditions, wheat begins to play the key role as the raw material base in the bakery production. It was found that the rest of the cereal crops were used only as auxiliary. It has been found that the main solvent in the preparation of bread production was water, only for ceremonial and occasional bread products whey and milk could be used. In conclusion, it should be noted that due to understanding the importance of bread it occupies a special place in the folk culture of Polishchuk people, and therefore is closely intertwined with many customs and beliefs. Numerous facts indicate a certain sacralization of bread, but without deification. It has been studied that Polissian bread products, including their technological and sacral and semiotic features, correlate with both the broad European and the narrower all-Ukrainian context, but keep their peculiarities, caused by external natural and internal mental causes.