The work is devoted to the study of the principles of the formation of space-planning decisions of ecovillages. The historical prerequisites for the development of ecological cities and settlements and energy-efficient architecture are revealed. The concepts of settlements in the pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial eras are considered. Methods of a systematic approach to the architectural and planning structure of ecovillages have been determined, where the subsystems are of the first order - the road network and architecture of buildings and structures, the subsystem of the second order is functional, constructive, compositional, aesthetic, social, physical and psychological, ecological, technological and videoecological component. An analysis of sociological and statistical data was carried out, during which the main reasons for de-urban trends in urban planning were identified and interest in alternative energy sources was revealed. The typology of ecological settlements has been developed depending on their purpose and tasks to be solved. The basic principles of the development of ecovillages are revealed. The most common types of ecovillage placement have been identified, which depend on the nature of the relief of the design site. Considered are aspects related to the tasks of architectural climatology, and individual modes of operation of premises to minimize negative and maximize positive climatic impact. The main principles of the ecological functioning and development of the housing environment are formulated: the principle of eco-balance, the principle of energy saving, the eco-functional principle, the psychophysiological principle, the principle of tradition, the principle of social comfort. On the basis of the revealed principles and techniques, a model of the organization of the architectural and planning structure of the future was formed. The model is a set of four basic levels that directly affect the formation of this structure: urban planning, architectural planning, ecological-technological and socio-psychological. Recommendations have been developed for ecological methods and means of organizing the volumetric-spatial structure of ecovillages with a conditional division into groups: the territory of the ecovillage, the organization of the road network, building materials, the organization of ecological construction and architectural measures.
Key words: ecotown, ecovillage, street and road network, energy efficient architecture, urban ecology, typology, permaculture, deurbanization.
