The scientific literature on theoretical and methodological aspects of building the educational and training process at the stage of preliminary basic training was analyzed and generalized, the available information on the general bases of technical training of athletes, in particular the bases of technical training in complex coordination sports was presented. Particular attention is paid to modern approaches to improving the level of technical preparedness in the training process of athletes-cheerleaders. The analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the research problem showed that the current approaches to improving technical training do not fully ensure the high efficiency of the bulk training process. Therefore, there is a problem of finding new ways to improve the technical training of athletes who are engaged in cheerleading at different stages of training, in particular at the stage of preliminary basic training.
At the dissertation for the first time scientifically explained the program of increasing the level of technical preparedness of cheerleading athletes which specialize in the nomination «Cheer All Female» at the stage of preliminary basic training of the second year of training during the annual macrocycle. The author's program provided for the planning of three levels of technical training of athletes with a specific goal, objectives, means and methods of sports training; using sets of exercises to increase the level of technical readiness and using a differentiated approach. During development of the author's program were took into account the results of questioning of coaching staff with the definition of the main ways to improve technical training in the training process of cheerleaders at the stage of preliminary basic training, initial level of technical, general and special physical training, correlation and factor analysis of technical and physical fitness of female athletes-cheerleaders, who perform various functions in the process of competitive composition: «base» (first level of pyramids) and «flyers» (second and third level of pyramids).
The author's program was the introduction into the annual training cycle of cheerleaders of the stage of preliminary basic training, which had a two-cycle (dual) macrostructure: I cycle - I preparatory period (involving and basic mesocycles) and I competitive period (basic and competitive mesocycles); ІІ cycle - ІІ preparatory period (recovery, basic and control-preparatory mesocycles), ІІ competition period (pre-competition and competition mesocycles) and transition period (recovery mesocycles). During the preparatory and competitive periods, 196 training sessions were held, which were planned 4-5 times a week for 120 minutes. The amount of technical training was - 60-65%, which is consistent with the recommendations of scientists.
Was selected control tests of technical assessment, general and special physical fitness, taking into account: the specifics of the sport and the functions performed by cheerleaders in the competitive composition, the level of motor skills, recommendations of scientists who offer the use of individual tests in complex sports (gymnastics and acrobatics). To determine the level of special physical fitness of flyer cheerleaders, control tests were used to assess: coordination skills, active flexibility and mobility in the joints, arm muscle strength, leg muscle strength, special and speed-strength endurance. Tests aimed at: arm muscle strength were used to assess the level of special physical fitness of base cheerleaders; leg muscle strength; special endurance; coordination skills; vestibular stability; speed and strength endurance; active flexibility and mobility in the joints. Criteria for assessing the physical fitness of cheerleaders have been developed, which provide for five levels – «low», «below average», «medium», «above average» and «high».
The results of the study supplemented the data on the level of technical preparedness and physical fitness of cheerleaders, the peculiarities of the use of tools and methods of technical training in complex sports, as well as confirm the data on the relationship between technical readiness of athletes engaged in complex sports.
Was proved that the use in the annual cycle of the proposed program to improve the technical training of athletes-cheerleaders at the stage of preliminary basic training helped to improve the level of technical preparedness and the result of competitive activities, which confirms the effectiveness of the method.
