The thesis is devoted to the theoretical and empirical study of the problem concerning the servicemen’ psychological reliability of the land forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, who perform their professional tasks as a tank crew members and highlights the specifics of reliability development by means of a professional psychological training. The main scientific approaches to the reliability concept study are analyzed, its essence is determined; the significance of the objective and subjective factors that determine the reliability is presented. The concept of a psychological reliability of a specialist (features of higher nervous activity and balance of mental processes such as: cognitive, emotional and volitional, motivational and value) was defined as a complex and coherent integrative quality of his/her personality taking into account the psychophysiological features and individual psychological qualities that are presented a combination, which promotes the effective and successful performance of the professional tasks timely with the minimum number of mistakes.
The model of a psychological reliability of the tank crew was developed basing on the analysis of the specifics of a professional’s personal reliability in the group and the reliability of the group. The model reflects its content components as an integral group and as a part of a personal reliability (professional suitability, professional motivation, emotional stability, self-regulation style, stress, self-control anxiety, efficiency, professional values and standards) and a group reliability (effectiveness of common activities of the tank crew, psychological compatibility, a status-role structure of the group, team-spirit, group unity, efficiency, coherence, organization, value orientation), combined through the subjectivity of collective activities that reflect the essence of the focus and level of group activities, based on a group identity, positive attitude towards the experience of professional relationship, determining the trend and ability to initiate and regulate a group professional activities.
The methodical concept of the empirical research of a person’s psychological reliability during common activities in a group taking into account the current essence of military and professional activities of tank crew members (a tank commander, a mechanic-driver and a gunner) is substantiated. Based on the developed model of a psychological reliability of tank crew members, a set of research criteria (results and subjective, emotional-volitional, motivational and value, reflexive and evaluation) and empirical indicators reflected in a psychodiagnostic methods were determined.
The identified connections of empirical indicators of a psychological reliability of military and professional activities of tank crew members on the basis of a correlation and factor analysis made it possible to determine the essence of diagnostic factors such as “crew subjectivity”, “crew performance”, “crew reflection”, reflecting the essence of the psychological reliability model of tank crew members. These factors confirmed the significant differences between the studied groups of tank crew members in terms of the integrated indicators.
“Combat Work of the Group”, the author’s special program of a professional psychological training was developed and piloted at the places of a permanent deployment, which is aimed at developing the essence elements of a psychological reliability of tank crew members according to the developed model (components of personal reliability, group reliability, collective activity), which is presented in certain criteria (results and subjective, emotional-volitional, motivational and value, reflexive and evaluation), as well as at formation of a group cohesion and increase of mutual trust. The program consisted of an introductory part, 3 blocks (“personal reliability development”, “group reliability development”, “crew subjectivity development”) and the final part. The program was aimed at development of essence elements of a psychological reliability of members of tank crew according to the developed model of a psychological reliability of the members of the tank crew as well as at formation of a tolerant attitude towards all members of the group, which contributes to understanding of differences between people and to the expansion of our ideas about ourselves and other people. The model effectiveness is empirically confirmed by comparing the dynamics of integrated indicators on the identified diagnostic factors (“crew subjectivity”, “crew productivity”, and “crew reflection”) at the ascertaining and control stages of the experiment.
Key words: cohesion, tank crew, psychological reliability, psychology of common activities, psychological training, effectiveness of activities.
