In the dissertation work the actual problems of research of diseases of tubers potato of fungal and nematode etiology on different grades and samples of wild types of potatoes on stability are already solved, and also efficiency of drugs of various actions in system of protection is defined.
The development of phytopathogens on potato tubers and mixed infection with pathogens of fungal and nematode origin - phomosis-fusarium and fusarium-nematode were diagnosed. It was found that the storage conditions of tubers, in particular humidity, can significantly change the manifestation of external signs of damage by pathogens of dry fusarium rot.
According to the results of phytopathological analysis of 32 varieties of potatoes, 13 species of phytonematodes were identified. These were: three of them – obligate parasites, two – mycohelminths and eight – saprobionts. Phytoparasitic nematodes of the species Ditylenchus destructor have already been detected in the cultivars Sluch 34% and Skarbnytsia 36%. Ditylenchus dipsaci 12% and Pratylenchus pratensis 65% were found on the variety Skarbnytsia. Fungi of the genus Fusarium were identified on 5 varieties of potatoes from 21.5% to 45% and Alternaria Ness. was on 2 varieties of potatoes from 5.0% to 6.5%.
The species composition of fungi of the genus was studied Fusarium on the variety Skarbnytsia: Fusarium sambucinum Fuck. with detection frequency 71,66% and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. – 28,33%. There are on the variety Bellaroza: F. sambucinum – 75,0% and F. oxysporum (Schlecht.) Snyd.et Hans – 20,0% and F. avenaceum – 5,0%.
In the conditions of the Right Bank Polissya of Ukraine for storage of tubers of the introduced grades of potatoes yield losses from action of activators of dry fusarium rot made 0,9-11,5%. Depending on the level or degree of damage to potato tubers during storage from weak to high (weak – 10%, medium – 25%, high – 50%), there was a decrease in dry matter, starch, vitamin C and carotene, which deteriorated their quality.
According to the results of the resistance assessment, it has already been established that in seventeen varieties of potatoes of foreign and Ukrainian selections the lesion of dry fusarium rot was 3,8–15,7%. According to the maturity group, tubers of early potato varieties had a level of damage by pathogens of dry fusarium rot in the range of 3,8-15,7%, and medium-early – 6,5 to 11,7%. Of the 42 samples taken from 18 wild potato species, 40 were free from dry fusarium rot.
The most effective schemes of chemical protection against damage by pathogens of dry fusarium rot on a natural infectious background were the schemes of application. These were: for the variety Gala disinfectant Shedevr + plant growth regulator Poteitin; technical efficiency was 56,58%. For the variety Riviera - a disinfectant Shedevr + biostimulator of plant growth Stympo; disinfectant As-Selective + biostimulator of plant growth Poteitin; technical efficiency was from 56,20 to 56,70%. The highest yields were for the variety Riviera disinfectant Shedevr + plant growth regulator Poteitin – 35,34 t/ha.
The most effective schemes for the use of preparation on infectious backgrounds against pathogens of dry fusarium wilt and common potato scab were found. These were: disinfectant Rovral Akvaflo + plant growth regulator Poteitin; disinfectant Selest Top, 312,5 FS + plant growth regulator Poteitin; disinfectant Maksym 025 FS + plant growth regulator Poteitin. Technical efficiency against dry fusarium rot ranged from 64,53 to 68,86%; common potato scab was from 54,90% to 66,18%. The highest yield when applied was in the disinfectant Rovral Akvaflo + growth regulator Poteitin – 31,90 t/ha.
The effectiveness of the developed set of measures to protect potato production crops has already been studied in FH "Habenets", where the yield of industrial crops was 50,2-58,1 t/ha. According to the results of phytopathological studies on four varieties of potatoes Karlena, Fantaziia, Opal and Kibits, in the control variants were identified fungi of the genus Fusarium (without the use of technology), but on the production crops of phytopathogens were not detected.
Calculations of the economic efficiency of the application of preparation allowed to state that the use of the disinfectant Shedevr and plant growth regulator Poteitin on the potato variety Riviera allowed obtaining a profit of 36,2 ths. UAH/ha, at a profitability was 113,1%
