Melnychuk O. Obtaining of giant miscanthus polyploids (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.) in vitro using compounds of dinitroanilines class

In silico methods were used for screening of a range of newly synthesized dinitroaniline compounds on their affinity to miscanthus α-tubulin. Reconstruction and verification of the spatial structure of miscanthus α-tubulin molecule was performed. The ability of newly synthesized as well as widely used compounds of dinitroanilines class to form ligand-protein complexes with α-tubulin inherited from M. sinensis (Q70ZL7) was evaluated. According to the criterion of stability of the complexes with ɑ-tubulin and phytotoxicity level, among 83 studied, 6 the most promising dinitroanilines were selected for further use in experiments on polyploidization of plants belonging to genus Miscanthus, and namely: 4-methylsulfonyl-2,6-dinitroaniline; N′-(N”-[2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl] propyl)morpholine; N,N'-bis-(2-nitro-phenyl)-hexylene-1,6-diamine; N'-[2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethane-1,2-diamine; hydrochloride; 1-{3-[2-(2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl- phenylamino)-ethyl]-4-methyl-2-phenylamino-2,3-dihydro-thiazole-5-yl}-ethanol hydrochloride; {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-phenylamino-thiazole-3-yl]-ethyl}-(2,6-dinitro-4- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride. Polyploidization of M. × giganteus was conducted by culturing of aseptic shoots in vitro on media supplemented with dinitroanilines. Both, newly synthesized compounds listed above, and widely used dinitroanilines (trifluralin and oryzalin) were used in the work. It was found that newly synthesized dinitroanilines, as well as widely used are able to induce polyploidy of M. x giganteus. Moreover, newly synthesized compounds do not have high phytotoxicity level, which significantly affects the survival rate and micropropagation of explants. The phenotypic features of giant miscanthus polyploid lines were studied according to standard methods. Best performing polyploidy lines appeared to be line 108 and line 202. They showed best results in such parameters as mass of the aboveground part of plants, plant height, number of rhizomes, number of leaves on the stem, dry matter content and higher ethanol yield owing to increased biomass.