The dissertation work is devoted to the study of the influence of Ag and Cu citrates obtained by nanotechnology on the level of mineral and lipid components of nutrition in the tissues of various anatomical departments and the whole organism and honey products, elucidation of mechanisms of stimulating effect on reproductive function of queens.
The scheme of adding Ag and Cu citrates to sugar syrup as components of feeding honey bees was determined for the first time. These compounds have been shown to activate the metabolism of trace elements and lipids in body tissues, improve the quality of bee production and increase the intensity of egg laying by queen bees.
It is determined that the feeding of Ag and Cu citrates is characterized by a complex biological action in certain critical periods of bee colonies. Differences in the functional activity of the reproductive system, the peculiarities of the histological structure of the ovaries and the course of oogenesis in queen bees when feeding bees with Ag and Cu citrates in the spring were found. The obtained results are used to optimize the components of feeding honey bees and improve the method of increasing the reproductive function of their queens in the spring.
Feeding of honey bees with the drug "Sumerian silver" in different dilutions caused differences in the content of Ag, Cu, Co (p<0,01–0,001) and provided the highest safety - (93.7 %) at a dilution of 1:200 for 10 days of the experiment. Feeding the drug at a dilution of 1:10 caused the lowest (56.1 %) survival of bees (for 1 and 10 days – 92.4 and 56.1%) and higher death - 43.9 % compared to 21.8 % in the control.
The introduction to bees with sugar syrup citrates Ag and Cu caused a higher content of Cu and Cr (p<0,05−0,01) in the tissues of the whole body of bees against the background of lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (p<0,05−0,001), as well as changes in the ratio of classes of total lipids (p<0,05-0,001). The use of Ag and Cu citrates in the spring corrects the metabolism of minerals in the tissues of their body and activates the synthesis of proline and enrichment of honey. The levels of phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerols (p<0.05–0.001), free cholesterol increased in thoracic department and honeycombs, but the content of NEFA (p<0.001) and triacylglycerols decreased.
It was found that the introduction of bee colonies of citrates Ag and Cu to the spring feeding syrup caused an increase in the intensity of egg laying of queen bees of the experimental groups. Characteristically, the largest increase in egg-laying intensity was observed in queen bees fed Cu citrate in doses of 0.5 mg and 1 mg/1000 ml of syrup, and Ag citrate in the amount of 1 mg/1000 ml of syrup.
Feeding with sugar syrup of different amounts of Ag and Cu citrates in the summer-autumn period was marked by their synergistic and antagonistic effect on the level of individual mineral elements in body tissues and honey bee products. In particular, probable differences of lower content of Zn, Pb and Cd against the background of higher content of Fe and Cu were established. The obtained results indicate positive changes in physicochemical parameters and quality of honey with increasing proline content in the samples of experimental groups.
Feeding honey bees with sugar syrup with the addition of citrates Ag and Cu caused a corrective effect on the distribution and transformation of lipids in bees. In the tissues of the body of honey bees of the experimental groups, the relative content of phospholipids, triacylglycerols (p<0.05), esterified cholesterol increased against the background of lower free cholesterol.
Complex feeding of bees with Ag and Cu citrates in the spring led to a decrease in the content of Zn, Pb and an increase in Fe (III), Co (II, III); Cu (II), Cr (III; p<0.05), which confirms the phenomenon of antagonism and synergism between these minerals. The lower content of Zn, Pb and Cd was found against the bIn the tissues of individual anatomical parts of the body of honey bees of the experimental groups found multidirectional changes in lipid parameters: a decrease in the content of mono- and diacylglycerols (p<0.01), free cholesterol (p<0.05–0.001), triacylglycerols (p<0.05–0.01), against the background of higher content of phospholipids (p<0.05–0.01), esterified cholesterol (p<0.01–0.001), NEFA (p<0.05–0.001). In thorax, the level of phospholipids (p<0.01), mono and diacylglycerols (group III), triacylglycerols increased, and free (p<0.05) and esterified (p<0.01) cholesterol decreased.
