The work is devoted to the study of factors influencing the development of economic and useful characteristics of bees depending on the technological, climatic and breed characteristics and types of feeding.
The safety of bees in apiaries after wintering in the wild was greater when feeding with honey kandy with quail eggs and was, on average, 10.0%, citric acid - 3.3%, suspension of microalgae "Live Chlorella" – 10.4%, and during wintering in the wintering house – 7.5%, 5.05%, 9.2%, respectively.
It was found that the largest number of streets in hives with queen bees of the second year of hatching per colony was in the 1st apiary in the Nikolaev region in 2016 and amounted to 16.3 ± 31.6, which is 0.5 more than in 2014. streets or by 3.1% (P ˃ 0.95), and on Apiary II there are 0.6 more streets or 3.9% (P ˃ 0.95). In the Odessa region, the number of streets was more on the 1st apiary in 2016 compared to 2014 by 0.7 kg or 4.4% (P ˃ 0.99) and on the 2nd apiary there was more by 1.0 streets or 6, 6% (P ˃ 0.999). In the Vinnytsia region, the number of streets in the 1st apiary was more in 2015 compared to 2014 by 0.6 streets or 4.1% (P ˃ 0.95).
Bee families of the Carpathian breed are less prone to swarming compared to the Ukrainian steppe breed and have better performance during honey harvests. Families with third-year uteri who entered the swarm state 2 to 5 queen cells, often from the edge of the frame.
It was found that bees for drinking used a suspension of microalgae «Live Chlorella» 50% concentration in 2.55-3.40 times more compared to pure water, and with a solution of honey – 1.48-1.60 times.
Analysis of feed resources made it possible to establish stocks of carbohydrate feeds, periods of productive honey harvests and bribe-free periods in the area of the apiary. The studied apiaries were provided with early spring honey plants, and during the main honey harvest they were provided with a continuous nectar-pollen conveyor.
Predicting the timing and volume of the honey harvest helped to plan the location of apiaries near nectar-bearing crops and plantations and to ensure their timely migration. The biological stock of honey in homestead apiaries in the Nikolaev area mares 449.83 ts, and the part of stocks of a forage base – 224.92 ts used by bees, in the Odessa area – 501.1 ts and 250.55 ts in the Vinnytsia area – 734.36 ts and 367.18 quintals, respectively.
The use of nomadic bee families on different honey plants is compared. It was found that nomadic rapeseed increases the productivity of Carpathian bee colonies by an average of 4.2 kg or 38.7% (P > 0.999) compared to the stationary point, and the goldfinch – by 5.06 kg or 36.1% (P > 0.999). Productivity of bee families of the Ukrainian steppe breed increases at nomadism on an acacia in comparison with a stationary point on 5,5 kg or 45,6% (P > 0,999), and on sunflower – on 3,13 kg or on 19,5%).
It is established that according to physico-chemical analysis and sensory evaluation according to SS 4497:2005 goldenrod honey of Vinnytsia region, sunflower honey of Nikolayev region and acacia honey of Odessa region belong to the highest grade. According to one-way analysis of variance, the quality indicators of honey of different origins do not differ and are unlikely.
It was determined that when feeding bees with sugar syrup with the addition of citric acid, the level of profitability increases by 0.95%, honey candy with the addition of quail eggs – by 16.43%, and sugar syrup with the addition of a suspension of microalgae "Live Chlorella" – by 18.13% compared to top dressing with pure sugar syrup.
The economic effect of feeding bees with sugar syrop with the addition of citric acid, honey candy with the addition of quail eggs and sugar syrop with the addition of a suspension of microalgae «Live Chlorella» compared to pure sugar syrop per bee family is from 984.12 to 1297.1 hryvnias profit.
