Husenkova O. Morpho-genetic manifestation of quantitative traits of winter wheat in the forest-steppe of Ukraine

The object of the study is the level of manifestation and balance of productivity traits with the quality of grain of varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat depending on the genotype and timing of sowing. The subject of research is morpho-genetic manifestation of quantitative traits of winter wheat in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods: visual, measuring and weight, infrared spectroscopy, gliadins electrophoresis, molecular genetic, mathematical and statistical, cluster. Novelty. For the first time in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the manifestation of the main signs of productivity of a variety of grades and breeding lines of winter wheat with the optimal combination of quantitative traits with grain quality at different sowing dates was determined. The genetic correlation between the elements of productivity at different sowing dates has been established. The genotypes of winter wheat, which have a high level of stability of the main features of productivity and quality of grain after three sowing dates, have been identified. The allele of sensitivity of winter wheat varieties to the pathogen of pyrenephorosis was identified by the method of electrophoresis of spare proteins. The gene of moderate resistance to pathogens of ear fusariosis TDF_076_2D was detected in 15 varieties of Poltava breeding by marker INDEL1. The balance of varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat by quantitative characteristics and yield was studied by the method of cluster analysis. The efficiency of creation of 13 highly productive breeding lines of winter wheat with a complex of valuable economic features on the basis of the selected material is analyzed. Results. Genotypes with the maximum and stable level of quantitative traits are selected, which are proposed for hybridization as parental components. 13 highly productive lines of winter wheat were created, which were transferred to the breeding programs of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy and the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine for further study and involvement in hybridization. An early-ripening variety of winter wheat - Orzhytsia nova (20% of authorship) was created, which was entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine (certificate № 200919, patent № 200695). The variety was transferred to the laboratories of genetic resources of crops and breeding and physiology of wheat of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Degree of implementation. The results of experimental research are used in the educational process of Poltava State Agrarian Academy in the preparation of applicants for educational level "Bachelor" and "Master" in the specialty 201 Agronomy. 13 promising breeding lines and Orzhytsia Nova variety, which is included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Growing in Ukraine, are included in the selection work programs at the Department of Breeding, Seed Production and Genetics of Poltava State Agrarian Academy and Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Scope of implementation: scientific institutions of NAAS, NAS and educational institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.