Yerashova M. Agrotechnological measures of increasing yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

The object of research is the processes of growth, development, yield and grain quality formation of soft winter wheat varieties depending on nitrogen fertilization against the background of the black fallow and after spring barley. The purpose of the research is the development of agrotechnological measures to increase the yield and grain quality of soft winter wheat after black fallow and after spring barley in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field research method was used for conducting the experimental work to observe the stages of plant development, establish their morphometric parameters, and yield accounting. Physical and biochemical parameters of grain were determined by laboratory experiments. The thermostatic-weighted method of research was used to determine the reserves of moisture in the soil; method of mathematical statistics – for variance and correlation analysis of the obtained experimental data. The calculation and comparative method was used to assess the economic efficiency of technological measures of crop cultivation. Results: the technological measures of increasing productivity and grain quality of soft winter wheat varieties different on the biological properties in the conditions of the Northern Steppe were scientifically substantiated following the results of implementation of the dissertation. The spring-summer nitrogen fertilization provided the grain formation of the second-third grade at yield of 6,42–7,23 t/ha (increasing yield due to fertilizing was 0,11–0,64 t/ha) on black fallow (against the background of N30P60K30) and 4,24–5,62 t/ha – after spring barley (against the background of N60P60K30), (0,36–1,20 t/ha, respectively). The highest yield after black fallow was obtained by local fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate (dose of N60) at the end of tillering stage, and after stubble predecessor with application of nitrogen fertilizer in two terms: spreading N60 on frozen thawed soil and local application of N30 at the end of tillering. The Pylypivka variety had a higher yield after both predecessors, the higher protein and gluten content in the grain – Pylypivka and Kokhanka varieties. Novelty. According to the results of research on ordinary chernozem in the Northern Steppe, agrotechnological measures to increase the grain yield and technological properties of soft winter wheat varieties of different genetic origin (Kokhanka, Misiia odeska and Pylypivka) on black fallow and after spring barley were first identified and scientifically substantiated; characteristics of growth, development, formation of elements of yield structure in contrasting years on hydrothermal conditions were established; the economic efficiency of growing these varieties was determined depending on the studied factors. For specific soil and climatic conditions of the zone, the methods of foliar fertilizing of winter wheat plants with urea were improved. Field: agricultural sciences.