In the dissertation work, on the basis of data obtained as a result of studies conducted using modern morphological and biochemical methods, the structural features of the mucous membrane and cartilage framework of the larynx of intact rats, their pathomorphological changes at different times of experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal were comprehensively studied and analyzed in detail. For the first time, opioid exposure was detected after 7 days and the initial phenomena of structural changes with their gradual increase, manifested by focal destruction of the collagen fibers of the epiglottis mucosa own plate, were studied in detail. According to the results of morphometric examination, an increase in the thickness of the epiglottis mucosa was revealed, which reaches the maximum value on the 7th day of the experiment and is maintained until the 28th day inclusive, followed by a decrease until the end of the experiment. The dynamics of changes in the mucous membrane and cartilaginous framework of the larynx against the background of six-week use of nalbufin at the ultrastructural level was studied in detail, and it was found that from the 7th to the 42nd days of the experiment they manifest themselves in the form of gradually increasing alterative changes in the epithelial cells of the larynx, the progression of dyscirculatory changes, which are most pronounced in the vessels of the proper mucous plate of the laryngeal ventricles, as well as the destruction of chondrocytes of hyaline and elastic cartilage. Based on the results of studying changes in the structure of the laryngeal mucosa and cartilage framework at macro-, micro- and ultrastructural levels, their dynamics after opioid withdrawal was studied. It was found that during 2 weeks of opioid withdrawal after its 6-week use, pronounced changes remain in the epithelium of the basal part of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, as well as in the vessels and the main substance of the laryngeal ventricles proper mucous plate, and morphometric parameters of the studied structures return to the level of the control group,
According to the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in blood biochemical parameters during the experiment, data were obtained that showed an increase in the level of glutathione peroxidase (from the 7th day of the experiment), malondialdehyde, diene conjugates and superoxide dismutase (from the 14th day) and a decrease in the level of ceruloplasmin and catalase, which reached the maximum difference with the control until the 42nd day of the experiment. It was found that after 2 weeks of withdrawal (up to the 56th day of the experiment), the indicators of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased, while the indicators of ceruloplasmin and catalase increased.
