KUTSEPAL S. Ontology in Modern French Philosophy

This dissertation gives a detailed analysis of progress trends in French philosophy of the mid-to-late 20th century, researches the aspects of being which were in the shade of the classic metaphysics, and discloses the sense of the notion of "postmodernity". It determines the position of French philosophy of the mid-to-late 20th century in search of a new ontological paradigm, represents interrelationships with other trends of modern philosophy. It makes a point of that the dominant of philosophy of the past century was the determination of ontological framework of any philosophical formation. The question of Being became the dominant of French philosophy of 20th century since the philosophy merged with ontology, and the latter merged with unanimity of Being. It was particularly emphasized in studies of J.-P. Sartre, G. Deleuze, J. Derrida, A. Badiou, and others. It was proved on the basis of measured historical and philosophical analysis that during the 20th century the renewed ontology had pullulatedon the ground of phenomenology and philosophy of life. Originally perceived as the ontology of subjectivism, it subsequently evolved, under the influence of psycho-analysis and structuralism, into doctrine of the world where there was no place left for the subject as the fundamental concept. French scholars, from Sartre to Lyotard, made a considerable contribution into generation of such ontology.