Natrus L. About the role of region preoptic and rostral hypothalamus in maintenance of constants of homeostasis

Object - neurons of preoptic region and rostral hypothalamus of the cat. Purpose - to study of transformation of background impulsive activity of RPO neurons and rostral hypothalamus at the changes of some constants of homeostasis and research of convergent properties of neurons to the visceral stimuli, revealed practical absence of specific detector neurons in these brain regions which provide separate adjusting of any visceral system. Methods - electrophysiological, morphological, statistical. Results - an important scientific problem has been solved - the essence and biological significance of functional interaction of mechanisms of different vegetative function at preoptic region level and rostral hypothalamus. Considerable prevalence (81%) in preoptic region and rostral hypothalamus of polysensitive neurons, the specificity of which lies in an identical sensitivity to a few visceral stimuli, convincingly proves that no changes of only one isolated homeostatic constant takes place in an organism. Oscillation of one constant of homeostasis certainly entails the change of other homeostatic parameters. The mechanisms of support of different constants of homeostasis are involved simultaneously and run concurrently. It is preciously these functional features of RPO neurons and rostral hypothalamus and their activity at the change of any constant of homeostasis define the mechanism of central adjusting of vegetative functions, which provides dynamic physiological balance at the changes of environment. The determined mechanism of the central adjusting of constants of homeostasis allows to develop more effective ways in the treatment of different diseases. Novelty - reactions of everyone neurons in reply to termo - , gluco -, osmo -, pressostimulation for the first time are investigated, the insignificant quantity monosensor neurons and practical absence in preoptic region detector specific neurons which provide regulation of a constant by one visceral systems is revealed; it is revealed, that monosensorneurons prevail in rostral hypothalamus, and tetrasensor neurons - in preoptic region. For the first time differences in reactions polysensor neurons in reply to different changes of constants of a homeostasis which cause the specific form of maintenance of this constant within everyone visceral systems are established. It is introduced in educational process of physiology and pathological physiology departments, department of propedevtic therapy, anesthesiology, intensive therapy and medicine of urgent conditions of M. Gorky Donetsk national medical university, department of human physiology and animals of Donetsk national university, department of normal physiology of the Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy. Use area - medicine.