Aleinikova N. The main grapevine deceases in the Crimea, prognosis of its development, protection system

The Thesis is concerned with specifying ecological peculiarities of oidium and downy mildew in the Crimea under the current conditions, raising seasonal and short-term predictions of development of these major diseases of grapevine and investigating effectiveness of their control by use of new fungicides and the bio fungicide Mikosan B, elaborating а technology of effective application of the preparation on grapevine and also improving the available system of grapevine protection against powdery mildew and downy mildew based on the prediction of their development and the use of new effective fungicides. A classification of the pattern of powdery mildew and downy mildew development on grapevine has been suggested for the first time and supported by experiment findings. Week development of those diseases is typical of the first type, the late (autumn) type of epiphytoty while the second, classical type is associated with an early and strong development of the diseases. Prediction models of downy mildew and powdery mildew development have been elaborated in Ukraine for the first time, giving rise to short-term predictions for downy mildew and а long-term prediction for powdery mildew. This, in turn, enabled а shift from the system of preventive protection against those diseases to that which is based on predictions. As а result, the quantities of fungicides applied become dramatically reduced (up to 40 %) and the ecotoxicological risk associated with application of protections preparations decreases to а level of low danger. Short-term predictions of downy mildew and powdery mildew development raised for the Crimea have been adapted for vineyards of the Nikolaev region, and it has been established that they are capable to work there. The possibility to apply biofungicides for control of powdery mildew and downy mildew with high effectiveness has been substantiated. A technology for application of the domestic bio fungicide Mikosan B has been elaborated which envisages the use of the preparation during the first two sprayings or the last two sprayings over the vegetation period. It has also been demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risk associated with application of the protection means decreases in this case to а level of low danger. The system of control downy mildew and powdery mildew, two major diseases of grapevine, has been improved. The improved version envisages application of the new effective fungicides Cabrio Top, WG and Talendo, CE in accordance with short-term predictions of development of the diseases.