Tyschenko O. Scientific foundations of the managemant of the irrigation modes of agricultural cultures based on a balancemeter(instrumental) method

The object of researches is the process of forming of total evaporation from the field cultures of the irrigated crop rotations in Steppe Crimea in different - soil-hydrological terms, and also rice at the permanent submergence, condensations of aquatic steams from air in soil, Transfer of moisture in the area of aeration, loud speaker of Consumption of water, level of productivity and qualities of harvest depending on the modes of irrigation. Purpose of researches - to generalize, analyses and account for from the scientific point of view processes which take place in a chain: a "climate is soil - plant" and to produce the method of management by the modes of irrigation, which allows rationally to expend watering water, power mediums, to be instrumental in saving, and it is possible to the rise of fertility of soil, to provide a favourable ameliorative situation on the irrigated earths of Crimea. The methods of researches are scientific, special, mathematic-statistical and computation-comparative. Results of researches - For a theory: First for the terms of area of irrigation of Crimea complex researches on determination of water-physical descriptions of soil are conducted: suction and filtration properties, deducting power, and also capillary properties of soil and mechanism of water exchange between soil and soil waters. On the basis of many years supervisions close dependences of total evaporation from the field cultures and rice from meteorological elements are definite, are developed and maximally adjusted to the practical use balancemeter (instrumental) method of management by the modes of irrigation of agricultural cultures. For practice: The results of researches have the practical value for the economies which are engaged in growing of agricultural cultures in the conditions of irrigation. On the basis of the measured sizes of total evaporation by means exact, reliable and simple in exploitation devices, recommendations and methods for the operative management by the modes of irrigation of agricultural cultures of the field irrigated crop rotations are developed, prognostication of terms of watering in a watering season, computation of norms of charge, prognosis of dates of beginning of the vegetation watering of winter crops in spring, computation of irrigation norms, determination of the real water charges of irrigation water on the rice irrigation systems at the end of watering season. The sphere of the use is the agricultural enterprises of south of Ukraine.