Berlinsky M. Antropogenic impact on the physikal-geographical system of a mouth area of a large river (as an example of the Danube mouth)

The thesis for a Doctor of Science Degree in Geography. - Speciality 11.00.01 - Physical geography, geophysics and geochemical landscapes - Odessa State Environmental university, Odessa, 2013. The concept of modern of subaqueous landscapes formation and rational development Danube mouth had been done. As a result of statistical analysis for a long-time data base fields of geophysical and geochemical characteristics in the subaqueous landscape system were obtained. Density stratification increasing in subaqueous landscape system as a result of global climate change was marked. The reasons of degradation lithology, relief, fauna, and other elements of the natural ecosystem as a result of anthropogenic impact of large hydrotechnical structures on the Lower Danube were established. The simulation results showed the areas of subaqueous landscape deformations. The scientific grounding of the optimal location of the new Ukrainian deep water shipping way via the Bystry arm than any possible alternatives was done. Practical recommendations for dredging and dumping depend on the Danube flood and seasonal variability water masses have been proposed. It leads to savings the national budget and reduces the load on the aquatic environment. The absence of the transboundary influence to the adjacent areas of Romania has been shown. The main factors responding for changing in the mouth area are: river runoff redistribution from Chilia branch to Tulcha branch, mortality of Ochakov branch, morphology changing in Starostambulsky mouth, water dynamic changing in river mouths. Anthropogenic impact from activity of Bysry shipping way organization leveled by dominate natural impact from the Danube runoff. So, significant anthropogenic influence to the environment was not marked. Dependence of the state of water masses of shallow water from the river run of and its seasonal distribution was established. At the same time the large scale near bottom hypoxia formation in the Northwestern part of the Black sea fixed for the temporary displacement of the flood peaks to the later period. Reaction of oceanographic characteristics regime under anthropogenic press as large scale hydrotechnical constructions on the estuary was mentioned. Lithodynamic processes in the Danube estuary was investigated taking into account multicomponent composition of suspended matter that distinguished by granulometric composition. Construction of new port in Zhebriayny bay in the mouth of the canal is not appropriate because of the necessity to build huge and expensive jetties. The economic feasibility of marine ports such as Chilia, Ismail and Reni (Ukraine), Galats, Tulcha located along the banks of the river was confirmed by the work done in the last century. This eliminates the need new mouth port construction and save the nature heritage of the Danube delta.