Makliak K. Methodological Bases of Sunflower Breeding for Heat Resistance

Object: Peculiarities of the breeding of sunflower self-pollinated lines and F1 hybrids for heat resistance. Objective: theoretical justification and practical implementation of a set of methodological approaches in the breeding for heat resistance of self-pollinated lines, sunflower parents and F1 hybrids with high yield capacity and quality of raw materials. Methods: general-scientific, specific (field, laboratory, biochemical), mathematical and statistical. Novelty. For the first time in Ukraine, patterns of influence of the temperature mode on economic characteristics of sunflower F1 hybrids were determined. Mechanisms of heat tolerance and avoidance of negative effects of heat stress were discovered. Methods of quantitative estimation of the effect of heat stress on traits in sunflower genotypes under the field conditions were developed. A breeding program aimed at providing the stability of high quality products at elevated temperatures was fulfilled. Methodical approaches to variety trials of F1 hybrids in the moderately dry zone of Ukraine were rationalized. Results. Two methods for assessing lines have been developed: for heat resistance of pollen and heat resistance of seeds. The efficiency of their use was proved. According to the developed method of selection of sunflower F1 hybrids by high and stable yield, time of testing new hybrids was shortened by two years. A working collection of self-pollinated lines consisting of 55 accessions was formed. Four tester lines have been created to test seeds and pollen for heat tolerance. Forty seven sunflower hybrids with Increased heat tolerance and 16 lines - parents of hybrids have been created. Degree of Implementation. The created hybrids were introduced into the agricultural production of Ukraine. In 2001-2015, seed farms in the Kharkiv region on the areas of 14 - 4,100 hectares obtained seeds of F1 hybrids in amounts that are sufficient for growing commercial sunflower on the areas of 200,000 - 1,100,000 hectares annually. The method of selection of sunflower F1 hybrids and the created lines are used in research at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute - National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation and the Institute of Oil Crops of NAAS. Materials of scientific and methodical publications were included in the work programs of Odessa State Agrarian University, Sumy National Agrarian University, Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after VV Dokuchaev. Forty-eight certificates of authorship for hybrids and their parents and two utility model patents of Ukraine have been received. Scope of implementation: scientific institutions of NAAS and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, higher educational establishments, agrarian enterprises of Ukraine.