Object of the research: adaptation of reproductive function of horses to the action of endo- and exogenous factors, physiological and morphological changes in the horses' organism for their influence.
Aim of the work: the purpose of the study was to find out the physiological features of reproduction of horses of Ukrainian breeding for the influence of endo- and exogenous factors and to develop ways to increase reproductive capacity.
Methods of the research: physiological (determination of volume of ejaculate, mobility, concentration and survival of sperm), hematological (determination of indicators of clinical analysis of blood), biochemical (determination of indicators of antioxidant system, hormonal profile, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum), morphological (determination of pathological forms of sperm) , genetic (determination of cytogenetic profile and alleles of erythrocytic antigens of blood group systems), zootechnical (receiving, cooling, cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination), m krobiolohichni (determining the number of saprophyte microflora in the genitals and semen horses), statistics (biometric processing research results).
Scientific novelty: For the first time the physiological concept of formation of reproductive ability of horses under the influence of saprophytic microorganisms, micromycetes and products of their vital activity, as well as in connection with the immunogenetic and cytogenetic profile has been substantiated. New data on the physiological number and structure of saprophytic microbiota of mucous membranes of genital organs and sperm of horses of Ukrainian breeding, which tends to increase the number and frequency of detection of saprophytic micromycetes, were obtained.
For the first time, the influence of the season of the year, the state of immunity, temperament on the physiological number of saprophytic microbiota in the genital organs and the semen of stallions are disclosed.
The physiological number of colony-forming units of the bacteria of the intestinal stem group in the semen of stallions, which increases fertility, improves the resistance of the sperm to the cooling and cryopreservation. New data on the physiological number and ratio of genera of saprophyte micromycetes populations in genital organs and sperm of horses of Ukrainian breeding were obtained, in which fertility and sperm's ability to withstand cryopreservation does not decrease by less than 50%.
Minimum quantities of micromycetes metabolites in vitro are determined, which reduce the resistance of stallion sperm to cryopreservation.
The amount and duration of application of feed sorbents of synthetic and natural origin for increasing fertility and decreasing the negative influence of micromycetes metabolites on honeymoaster homeostasis have been established.
For the first time, erythrocytic antigens of blood group systems A, C, D and K have been established, which contribute to the improvement or deterioration of the physiological characteristics of the sperm. The physiological levels of general chromosomal instability and the structure of aberrations of horses, which increase native semen, resistance of sperm to cooling and cryopreservation, fertility and improve the efficiency of correction of the functional state of ovaries of mares, is improved.
It was established that anhydrous defrosting of semen of male animals allows to obtain physiological parameters of sperm is not worse than using the classical method of water bath. The presented scientific positions reveal new physiological aspects of the activity of saprophytic microbiota on the mucous membranes of genital organs, in semen and fodders, features of the immune and cytogenetic profile of animals for increasing the reproductive potential of horses.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results is confirmed by 10 patents of Ukraine for the invention (№ 109742, № 109754, № 109846, № 110125, № 110173, № 110233, № 110180, № 110583, № 112459, № 112473) and two patents of Ukraine for the utility model (№ 112858; No. 113757).
Suggested: to increase the fertilization of horses it is recommended to perform additional treatment of the cavity of the uterus of the mares 6-12 ml of 4% gentamicin sulfate, 5-8 ml of decanal, 5-10 ml of myramistin, 5-10 ml of 0,25-1,00% solution of novocaine not less than 6 hours before pairing or insemination. To reduce the negative effect of saprophytic microbiota on the physiological reactivity of sperm and fertility, it is proposed to treat the prepubial cavity with solutions of myramistin, candida, chlorhexedine bichluconate and decacane using the proposed device (Patents of Ukraine for invention No. 110583, 109846).
In order to improve the basic physiological characteristics of chilled and brilliant semen of stallions and fertilization it is suggested to add to 100 ml of medium for thawing or dilution of semen 3-6 mg of cefazolin, 2-4 mg of kanamycin sulfate, 2-6 mg of natamycin, 4-7 mg of
