In the thesis, a scientific problem is solved, which consists in the theoretical and applied disclosure of the features of exclusive-stigmatizing and inclusive technologies in dealing with mentally ill patients. The significant scientific results obtained by the author during the research are summarized in the form of the following conclusions.
The essence of social practices of treatment of mentally ill people as technologies of isolation, stigmatization, discrimination, rehabilitation and inclusion, which are cross-cutting for sociogenesis and are components of psychiatry as a religious-disciplinary, normative-legal and medical-social institution at different stages of the development of society are revealed. Isolation technologies can be considered the most primitive and most common components of exclusive practices of treatment / attitudes that in the pre-industrial society presupposed a socially-heroic (mystifying) or skotomizational positioning of mentally ill people (their equating to a low category of criminals).
Forced isolation of the mentally ill is accompanied by stigmatization, that is, the process of constructing social labels that accompany various forms of discredit, humiliation, restriction of rights and other manifestations of discrimination. In the postindustrial society, the problem of rehabilitation of mentally ill patients is being actualized by equalizing their social and legal status with healthy members of the society, which involves the use of technologies for rehabilitation and social inclusion
The study reveals the essence of social practices of treating mentally ill people as technologies of isolation, stigmatization, discrimination, rehabilitation and inclusion that are cross-cutting for sociogenesis and are components of psychiatry as a religious, disciplinary, regulatory and medical and social institution at different stages of society development. It is established that the technologies of exclusion and inclusion are determined in their connection with the legitimizing discourse as a medium for the formation of assessment frames and treatment with mentally ill patients.
The evolution, topology and composition of social practices of treatment of mentally ill patients in different types of societies are studied and traced. It is noted that the social practices of treating mentally ill people undergo transformation in the antique and antique periods to postmodernism consists in the change of the three paradigms: religious, ethical, legal and medical, in the framework of which valorization, stigmatization and adaptation models of behavior with mentally ill people are formed. It is established that these models are considered as a component of the process of institutionalization of psychiatry and the allocation of medical discourse as an instrument for the social design of technologies for treating mentally ill patients.
Social practices of dealing with mentally ill people undergo transformation in the pre-antique and antique periods to postmodernism, which consists in the replacement of the three paradigms: religious, ethical, legal and medical, in the framework of which the valorization, stigmatization and adaptation patterns of treatment with mentally ill people are formed. These models are considered as a component of the process of institutionalization of psychiatry and the allocation of medical discourse as an instrument for the social construction of technologies for treating mentally ill patients.
The key stages in the social evolution of the practice of treating mentally ill people include such social scenarios dominant in different societies as: a) favoritization-idealization, which coincide meaningfully with the creation of a status-role niche for the mentally ill, which intersects with the priesthood; b) distancing / isolating, which coincide with the transition of the society to monotheistic religions and theocentric philosophies, in which normative ethics and criteria for distinguishing the mental norm and pathology were formed; c) repression-stigmatization which coincide with the criminalization of mental illness and equating the status of mentally ill to offenders and criminals; d) inclusion-integration, which are institutionalized in society, from the Pinel reforms and the dismantling of psychiatric prisons, and allow the treatment of the mentally ill as individuals who are socially equal with healthy people and in need of care and employment care.
