Dissertation presents theoretical generalization and new solution of current scientific-practical problem as for necessity to rise mode-technological, technical and ecology-economic function efficiency of rice irrigation systems in Ukraine based on systematic optimization of their water and energy management.
Taking into consideration scientific research and engineering materials which embrace half century period and reflect weather-climatic changes, mode-technological and socio-economic conditions on acting rice irrigation systems in Ukraine, theoretical foundations as for systemic optimization of varied and interrelated mode, technological and technical solutions of water and energy management on acting rice irrigation systems received future development; number of indexes as estimated criteria of their general efficiency and their parameters considering nature-ameliorative changing conditions in fixed time periods and possible efficiency levels was scientifically determined; character and contact level among them were established.
Based on systemic optimization series of interrelated modes, technological and technical measures as for necessity and expediency of trans-passing from traditional resource-cost to rational resource-saving level of water and energy management, re -usage of drainage-waste waters, performing deep earth loosening with improved low-cost techniques , periodic saline soils flushing including deep soil loosening, upgrading existing open drainage-waste network on close drain-collectors , arrangement off-cannel drainage system to protect drainage-waste cannels from their route deviation were worked out. These measures are directed on rising general efficiency of acting rice irrigation systems considering modern economic and ecologic requirements. Sustainable mode methods were improved.
Scientific approaches to systemic optimization based on ecology-economic measures of general nature-amelioration mode of rice systems, technological and technical solutions of water and energy management which sustain it in various criteria in different time levels based on systemic observation of rice systems as a complex nature-technical ecology-economic system were upgraded. On ecology-economic principles general notions formation and implementation of systemic optimization complex models which are interrelated with regime, technology and constructive water and energy management solutions on rice irrigation systems for a long term period were worked out.
Optimal parameters of various indexes: mode (speed filtration), technological (irrigated rice standard, rice quota in crop rotation, dilution degree of reused drainage-waste waters) and constructive solutions (construction and drainage parameters of check-maps including deep earth loosening) for the developed complex of measures to increase efficiency of acting rice systems were substantiated.
Applying dynamic scheduling scientific approach was worked out and optimal number of measures, their priority realization in reconstruction of acting rice systems, as for example, Danube Rice Irrigation Systems of 13678 ha in Odessa region, were confirmed; it was stated that beneficially their reconstruction is to be done in 3 phases:1-st - introducing resource-saving rice-irrigation technology, upgrading the existing drainage-waste network with closed drains, conducting deep earth loosening and forming off-cannel drainage network to protect drainage-waste cannels from their demolition ; 2-nd- pumping station reconstruction; 3-rd – hydropower structures reconstruction on the irrigation and drainage-waste network. Total costs of 70…90 thousand hn/ga for their reconstruction, depending on financing, may be paid back in 9-12 years.
Key words: scientific substantiation, parameters of water use, rice irrigation system, methods of system optimization.
