Kazymyrenko Y. Scientific foundations of the design and the enhancement of protection level of radioactive cargoes vessels’ elements by metal-glass materials

The solution of the scientific and technical problem of development of fundamentally new scientific approach to the design of elements of vessels and floating facilities for radioactive cargoes has been proposed, theoretically substantiated and researched. It is based on compliance with conditions of thermal safety and the theory of protection of constructions on the basis of physical and chemical processes of creation of new compositions with poly- and ultra-dispersed structure by combining glass microspheres and metal powders with the use of sintering and electric-arc spraying methods. The possibility of sintering the hollow glass microspheres of the Na2O‒B2O3‒SiO2 system with powder and aluminum powder has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. It extends the physical and chemical representations of sintering of sodium-silicate microspheres and it has been tested on sintering with bronze and babbit powders. Creation of new compositions is based on the established regularities of glass microspheres and powders of Na2O‒B2O3‒SiO2, Na2O‒CaO‒SiO2, K2O‒PbO‒SiO2 systems staying in amorphous and crystalline states with the subsequent formation of poly- and ultra-dispersed structure with the effect of “metallization” of glass inclusions, which will promote the increase of X-ray protective properties. The influence of glass inclusions on radiation stability in conditions of γ-radiation of Со60, strength, thermophysical, damping properties of electric-arc coatings on the basis of Sv-08G2S and Sv-AMg5 have been investigated and laid the foundation of development of conceptual provisions for increasing the complex protection of blocks and modules of vessels and floating facilities for radioactive wastes. New scientific and methodical principles for assessing of technical condition of composite vessel constructions have been developed: the classification of design, technological and operational defects has been made according to the specified indicators of materials damage; the connection between design, technological, and operational factors has been established with the help of cause-effect diagrams and cognitive models. The design of the biological protection module has been improved by rationally replacing of the traditional two-sided facing by stainless steel with a one-sided sheet of carbon steel with metal-glass protective layer in form of glass-aluminum sintered tiles or metal-glass electric-arc coating, which makes it possible to reduce its mass by 10%; the stress-strain state of layered panels in conditions of short-term temperature loads in cases of emergency situations during the transportation of medium and high-level radioactive wastes has been investigated; a new analytical model of vessel operation based on the informational model of loading with algorithmization of cargo operations according to the conditions of strength has been developed. Scientifically substantiated and proposed a new approach to designing of elements of biological protection of floating facilities, which are intended for the storage of radioactive wastes with residual heat release, which is a simulation of design situation from the positions of limitation of the power of residual heat release and allows obtaining information about the temperature distribution and air circulation in the cargo are; for this was first formulated and solved the stationary problem of thermal state in a three-dimensional conjugate formulation; as example a vessel tank with a multilayered wall has been taken. The technological offers for repair and operational measures, introduction of constructive decisions with the use of new materials and coatings have been developed; the innovative attractiveness has been analyzed and the economic efficiency of developments has been determined.