Davidich T. Eclecticism in architecture. Cultural and artistic origins and contemporary comprehension

Object: the phenomenon of eclecticism in European architecture; purpose: to determine the place and role of eclecticism in the processes of architectural style development; methods: historical-genetic, analytical and graphic-analytical methods, historical and culturological analysis, comparative stylistic and compositional analysis of architectural objects, various methods of classification and systematization of the collected material; Novelty: it has been proved, that architectural eclecticism is a cyclical phenomenon, that has historically evolved, the role of eclecticism in the processes of style formation has been identified; it has been established, that style and eclecticism is a dialectical pair of phenomena in architecture; the main types of historical eclecticism have been discovered; the main directions and trends of eclecticism in the architecture of Europe and the Russian Empire of the XIX century, the time limits of their distribution are outlined; results: it has been established that the views on the phenomenon of eclecticism in the theory of architecture have historically changed: from the complete opposition of the concepts of «style» and «eclecticism», to the recognition of eclecticism as a completely natural phenomenon, which periodically arises in architecture for various historical and cultural reasons and purposes, for the first time five types of historically formed eclecticisms have been identified in Europe, the basic principles of the eclectic approach were formulated and illustrated, that emerged from the middle of the XV to the end of the XIX century; degree of implementation: scientific work of historians and theorists of architecture, the sphere of restoration and reconstruction of architectural objects, practical activity of architects-practitioners, educational process; sphere: the architecture.