Viniukov O. Scientific bases of increasing productivity of winter wheat and spring barley in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Object of research: processes of growth, development of winter wheat and spring barley plants; regularities of formation the crop yield and grain quality at application the effective technological growing measures. Methods: field, laboratory and statistical. Results: developed and tested the organic and organo-mineral systems for growing modern varieties of winter wheat and spring barley, which provide high crop yields for the required purpose. The use of organo-mineral growing system allows to increase the crop yield of winter wheat by 0,5 t/ha while reducing the cost of 1 ton of grain to 1104,9 UAH and increasing the profitability of production by 30 % compared to intensive technology and allows producers to gradually move to organic production without a sharp decline in economic performance. The use of an organic system for growing spring barley and winter wheat allows not only to obtain economically feasible production indicators, but also ensures the production of high quality products while reducing the negative impact of man-made load on the industrial region of the eastern part of Northern Steppe. The research results are protected by 1 patent for an invention and 4 utility model patents. Novelty: regularities of growth, development and formation of grain productivity of plants of different varieties of grain crops on adaptive features under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors are established. A method of increasing the productivity of crops, a method of growing cereals, a method of organic cultivation of cereals in the zone of man-made load, a method of selecting varieties of cereals by productivity, a method of analyzing elements of productivity and plasticity of crops, which allowed to develop a model most adapted to specific growing conditions. It is proposed to use a quantitative integrated indicator – the mass amount of heavy metals per unit area to rank the main man-made sources of heavy metals in the soil. Field of use: agriculture.