Shelov A. Polymorphism of genetic resources of animals at microsatellite loci of DNA

The dissertation presents the results of the theoretical substantiation, development and testing of a complex system of genetic diversity assessment in representatives of different taxonomic groups at different levels of genome organization (allelic, genotypic and population) by microsatellite loci of the DNA. The peculiarities of microevolutionary processes in the studied populations are established. It has been shown that the use of a set of mathematical methods of population genetic analysis of genotyping results of animal populations only at microsatellite DNA loci allows to obtain a large amount of reliable information on gender etic structure and genetic processes in animal populations at different levels of genome organization. As a result of this work, the method of multiplex genotyping of different species of domestic animals by highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci was improved and optimized. The structure of allelofunds, parameters of genotypic variability, population-genetic characteristics are determined, and microevolutionary processes in populations of 9 breeds of 4 species of domestic animals by microsatellite DNA loci are evaluated and predicted. The breed-specific features of the genetic structure of each breed have been established. For each breed except dogs of the Great Dane breed, breed-specific alleles were detected (p <0.001).