The dissertation reveals the variability of the genome of aboriginal breeds of cattle (white-headed Ukrainian, red Polish, brown Carpathian, gray Ukrainian) and horses (Hutsul breed, Polish konik breed) by cytogenetic and molecular-genetic polylocus markers, the need for integration modern system of agricultural production in accordance with FAO require ments. It is established that the indicators of somatic mutagenesis of aboriginal cattl ehave wide intraspecific limits du et othe iradap to genic properties.
It was found that in fection of red Polish cows with the causative agent of tuberculosis causes an increase in the frequency of metaphases with aneuploidy (p <0.001) in 3 times, chromosomal breaks (p <0.001) in 2.2 times, the number of dinuclear lymphocytes (5.0 ‰) and lymphocytes with micronucleus 2 and 2.2 times, respectively, and apoptotic cells (8.8 ‰) 4 times.
It was determined that the paratypic factor, hydrogen sulfide in water, causes an increased level of dinuclear lymphocytes (7.8 ‰), (p <0.001) in cows of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed, while in cows of red Polish breeditis 2.4 ‰, indicating a reduced sensitivity of red Polish cows to this mutagenic factor.
A system for estimating the genetic polymorphism of Hutsul, Polish konik and Arabian horses populations using markers (GA)9C, (AG)9C, (AG)8CA, (AG)8CG, (GA)6CC, (ACC)6G, (GAG)6C and (GA)6CChas been developed to confirm the uniqueness and consolidation of animal populations of the sebreedsas a basis for their inclusion in national bioresource on servation programs. According to the results of the assessment of the gene pool of the populations of Hutsul, Arabian horses and Polish konik breed using ISSR-markers, the highest level of genetic diversity of Hutsul horses. According to the results of ISSR-PCR analysis, species-specific spectra of amplification products were found for the subgenus Equus (380-400, 500-520 and 600-630 bp).
The method of DNA isolation from fossil remains of ancient horse bones was optimized and the optimal conditions for PCR to work with DNA obtained from fossil remains were selected. According to the ISSR analysis, unique polymorphic DNA loci of ancient equids were found. Amplicons of the DNA molecule with a size of 340-350 bp of primer (GA)9C and 470-490 bp of primer (GA)9C and (GA)6CC were identified on lyinancient horses: Pleistocene horse, real tarpan and ancient domestic horse.
Using the method of averaged distances, the results of ISSR-analysises tablished the genetic distances between modern horses and ancientequids. It is proved that the closest to echo the roof the studied horses are the horses of the real tarpan and the ancient domestic horse (DN=0.0234), as well as the Pleistocene and ancient domestic horse (DN =0.0385). The most distant horses were Hutsul and Arabian breeds (DN=0.5334), Hutsul breed and Polish konik (DN=0.4477), Hutsul horses and real tarpan (DN =0.5057).
