Proskurnin O. Scientific-methodological bases of environmental regulation of discharge wastwater to the river system

The thesis is devoted to the solution of a scientific and applied problem, which is in development of the scientific and methodological basis for the environmental standardization of waste water unset into the river system in order to increase the environmental safety of waste water. Based on the analysis, a concept is developed for establishing permissible waste water unset into the river system, which takes into account both the European experience and the economic and geographical features of Ukraine. The key point of the developed concept is the need to divide the river system into relatively small local areas. The division of the river system into sections is made on the basis of the administrative boundaries in the river basin, the level of anthropogenic load and physiographic factors. The expediency of using optimization methods in setting standards for permissible waste water unset is justified. At the same time, two variants of the optimization task are considered: by the criterion of the maximum anthropogenic load on a water body and by the criterion of the minimum cost of water protection measures. The optimization problem is complicated by taking into account the capital expenditures on the construction and reconstruction of waste water treatment plants. In addition, in contrast to the existing optimization approach, the possibility of controlling the effectiveness of waste water treatment is taken into account. Complications of the objective function and the expansion of the list of optimized variables will allow the decision-making space to be expanded when searching for an optimum in determining allowable unsets of waste water. The proposed methodology for the use of integral indicators of the state of a water body in problems of normalizing unsets. The developed methodology provides for the establishment of weights for the various points of control of rivers expertly. For the first time, the stochastic dependence of the concentrations of pollutants in waste water after treatment and feature of heat exchange waters is taken into account. For the first time, a method is developed for calculating the allowable composition of waste water by assessing environmental risk. The method of determining the most polluted part of the water flow and matrix model of the sequential transformation of pollutants are improved. Recommendations are developed on adjusting water protection legislation in the field of rationing of waste water unsets. The practical significance of the results is as follows. The results of dissertation research can be a scientific basis for improving water protection legislation to regulate waste water unsets into river systems, which, in turn, will contribute to improving the environmental safety of water use. In addition, the research results can be used in determining the optimal parameters of the waste water treatment plant during their design or reconstruction. Keywords: environmental safety, river system, environmental risk, surface water, wastewater, pollutant, limited discharge, ecological normalization, optimization.