Tatarchenko H. Urban-planning and chemical-technological foundations of the methodology for normalizing the air space of the mains areas of large cities

In the work, theoretical and practical results are obtained regarding the solution of the scientific and applied problem of restoration and preservation of the normative state of the airspace of the main highway territory and ensuring the sustainable development of cities, taking into account the basic principles of its planning, construction and environmental requirements. On the basis of scientific research, a conceptual model of the transition to a sustainable equilibrium state of urbanized territories "human - environment - transport" is proposed, according to which it is necessary to solve the threefold task of coexistence, preservation and protection like of the systemic integrity of these objects, within which an infological model of preserving clean air of urbanized territories "population - air space - highway territories", which allows the determining of the main structural elements and connections between them and is the basis for the formation of theoretical foundations. The method of monitoring and controlling the cleanliness of the air of a closed space from microparticles is substantiated, based on the use of the methodology of determining light fields when a Lager-Gaussian beam passes through a double phase wedge with the creation of a corresponding three-dimensional configuration of the laser field. A mathematical and spatial model of pollution by nitrogen oxides of the main highway areas of the city was developed depending on the intensity of vehicles, and their zoning was proposed according to the level of pollution: dangerous, low-security, and safe. The relationship between the intensity of traffic on the city highway and the distances where the maximum permissible standards of nitrogen oxide emissions are reached is determined, which allows to determine the zones of increased danger for pedestrian traffic around the highways. The method and structural model of the installation of cleaning the polluted air space of urbanized areas from nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and hydrocarbons using ozone technologies, which provides the effect of air purification on city highways up to 70%, was proposed and declared, and a principal scheme-model of the technological system was developed. process of purifying polluted air. The work defines the conditions for the stable operation of vehicles and the normalization of the state of the airspace of an urbanized territory: improving the organization of the movement of a street and road highway and monitoring the technical condition of vehicles; spatial and planning organization of territories with high building density; implementing a smart strategy to communicate and encourage walking and cycling; promotion of public and ecological transport. The process of ozone dispersion in the city territory is modeled, taking into account the emergency situation of the release, which makes it possible to obtain profiles of the maximum ozone concentration along and perpendicular to the wind flow, to determine the distances at which its permissible values and sanitary protection zones will be reached. The choice of ways to normalize the airspace in the main areas of large cities in various ways has been determined, in particular: the creation of low-emission zones - Low Emission Zone (LEZ); promotion of active modes of transport; creation of green zones; redistribution of public urban space; promotion of public transport; creation of treatment facilities; improvement of transport policy - taxation and technological management of roads.