Voichuk A. The features of the institute of presidency in the different forms of republican government

The head of state occupies a prominent place in the system of higher state authority and exerts a decisive influence on their formation and functioning. In the country the role of the president in the system of public authority depends on what form of republican government is the presidential, the parliamentary or the semipresidential. The constitutional status (the institute) of the president and the role of the president, in the exercise of state power, depends on the form of republican government. Achieving this goal and solving the tasks are especially important for Ukraine, as the generalization of foreign experience in the formation and functioning of the institute of presidency makes it possible to improve such an institute in our country. The relevancy of the dissertation is coordinated to the reform of the president`s institute in accordance with the objective requirements for it in connection with political and legal changes in state life of Ukraine, as well as arise in the process of finding the optimal form of republican government. The purpose of the dissertation is to single out, reveal the content and find out the peculiarities of the functioning of the institute of presidency under the different forms of republican government. The object of the dissertation is the institute of presidency as a set of legal norms that determines the status of the president as the head of state under the republican form of government. The subject of the study are the features of the institute of presidency in the different forms of republican government. The dissertation is the first complex political science research of the institute of presidency under the different forms of republican government. Within the framework of the conducted research the following results were obtained, which are marked by scientific novelty and are submitted for defense: for the first time: - the author's definition and delimitation of the concepts “the institute of presidency” and “the president’s institute” is given. The institute of presidency is a set of constitutional norms that determine the place and role of the president in the system of public authority in states with a republican form of government, and the president’s institute is a system of constitutional law that determines the status of the president in the system of public authority in a particular country. The concept of “the institute of presidency” is broader in meaning than the concept of “the president’s institute”, as it covers both the general characteristics of the constitutional status of the president as the head of state in different countries and the status of the president in a particular country. The constitutional status of the president is a part of the president’s institute. The constitutional status of the president is a set of functions, powers and forms of responsibility enshrined in the basic law, and the president’s institute is a system of constitutional and legal norms that determines the constitutional and legal status of the president in the system of public authority in a particular country. The study of the president’s institute in the constitutions of countries should be carried out taking into account the general characteristics of the institute of presidency.