ABSTRACT
O. Dzyhar Improvement of the technology of crackers with the addition of proteolytic action enhancer, amaranth flour and spicy aromatic raw materials – Qualifying scientific paper on the rights of the manuscript.
Dissertation for obtaining a scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 181 «Food Technologies» – National University of Food Technologies of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kiev, 2020.
The dissertation is devoted to the improvement of crackers technology to obtain a new assortment of competitive products with increased nutritional and biological value, extended shelf life, original flavoring properties due to the use of proteolytic enhancers, spicy aromatic raw materials of fenugreek and monarda didyma, amaranth flour and Arabian Acacia gum – gum arabic.
Based on the analysis of innovative technological solutions in the production of crackers, the prospect in the application of proteolytic action enhancers to improve and stabilize the structural and mechanical properties of the dough semi-finished product and finished products has been proved. The processes of structure formation of cracker dough with the use of enzyme preparations based on bacterial protease and L-cysteine enhancers have been studied. It has been proved that the most effective is an enhancer «EMCEsoft P 10» based on the amino acid L-cysteine, which significantly affects the formation of the structural and mechanical properties of the cracker dough. The improvement in the structure of crackers with the use of the enhancer «EMCEsoft P 10», an increase in porosity and wettability ware established.
The processes of structure formation of cracker dough with the use of amaranth flour and gum arabic were studied. It has been established that amaranth flour has low technological properties, its addition to wheat flour increases the dilution of the dough and reduces elasticity. To adjust the structural and mechanical properties of cracker dough, using of gum arabic «Fibregum B» was proposed, which allowed to improve the quality indicators of composite mixtures of wheat and amaranth flour, to increase the ultimate shear stress and to decrease the adhesive strength of the dough.
The effectiveness of the use of spicy-aromatic raw materials monarda didyma and fenugreek in the production of crackers with improved sensory characteristics and a long shelf life is proved. The chemical composition of aromatic raw materials is determined. It has been established that the leaves of monarda didyma and fenugreek contain vitamin C, carotene, tannins, and essential oil. High antioxidant potential was proved.
It was found that in the preparation of cracker dough, the optimal amount of powders from the leaves of monarda didyma is 3,0 %, fenugreek – 2,0 % by weight of fat, which is applied during lamination of the dough tape.
A method of preparation of an oil extract based on spicy-aromatic raw materials has been developed for processing crackers after baking. The feasibility of using powders from leaves of spicy aromatic raw materials and oil extracts to extend the shelf life of products due to the antioxidant properties of the raw material was substantiated.
The recipes and technological instructions for the preparation of crackers «Mystery», «Forest Breath» with the use of cysteine enhancers, spicy aromatic powder and oil extracts, «Amaranth magic» and «Amaranth miracle» with the use of amaranth flour, hydrocolloid gum arabic and oil extracts have been developed and approved. The developed technologies have been tested at the enterprises of IE «V. Marshalok» (Bila Tserkva) and IE «V. Marchenko» (Bila Tserkva).
To evaluate the quality of a new range of crackers with advanced technologies, their qualimetric evaluation on a complex indicator has been carried out, which included the following differential quality indicators: sensory, physicochemical, nutritional and biological value. Based on the conducted studies, the feasibility of using of plant materials that has antioxidant properties in order to increase the shelf life of crackers to 12 has been proved.
The economic efficiency from the introduction of new types of crackers has been calculated. The social effect has been confirmed, as new types of crackers have increased nutritional and biological value, original spicy and flavoring properties and extended shelf life.
Keywords: cracker, technological enhancers, L-cysteine, spicy aromatic raw material, monarda didyma, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), amaranth flour, gum arabic, oil extracts, antioxidant raw materials, shelf life.
