The purpose of the study is to develop a set of psychocorrection measures for servicemen participating in hostilities with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities based on the identification of clinical manifestations and patterns of formation of psychological maladaptation of this category of patients.
The hypothesis of the work was the assertion of signs of post-stress psychological maladaptation due to participation in hostilities in all examined patients. However, its variability and severity in persons with combined mental and somatic trauma should be greater compared to somatically uninjured combatants.
It was assumed that the intensity of post-stress psychological maladaptation will be greatest in fighters with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities, which led to their amputation, however, it will depend not only on the extent of surgical interventions, as an external distress factor, but on lack of psychosocial resources, disharmonious individual-psychological and behavioral patterns, namely, distorted personal characteristics, lack of personal vitality and deformation of the patient's attitude towards the disease as factors of psychological predisposition, which creates a premorbid background for the development of post-stress maladaptation, which is based on the lack of resources to resist the accumulation of negative effects of mental and somatic combat stress.
The results are based on a comprehensive examination of 150 combatants, the main group (MG) of which consisted of 120 people who had traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities, and the comparison group (CG) included 30 fighters without somatic combat injuries. According to the criterion of the extent of surgical interventions, MG patients were divided into two subgroups: MG1 - 60 wounded with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities, who managed to save the injured limb after surgery; MG2 - 60 wounded with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities, which led to amputation of the extremities.
The study used socio-demographic, clinical-psychological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods.
In the course of work: - the peculiarities of psycho-emotional state and stress response of combatants with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities with different extent of surgical interventions were studied; - the specifics of psychosocial functioning of combatants with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities with different extent of surgical interventions were determined; - analysis of individual-psychological and behavioral patterns in the genesis of psychological maladaptation in combatants with traumatic injuries of the main vessels of the extremities with different extent of surgical interventions was carried out.
The study had a three-stage structure. At the first stage, the state of the psycho-emotional sphere and the level of stress response were assessed as markers of clinical and psychological maladaptation of the examined patients. At the second stage, the individual-psychological and behavioral patterns of respondents were studied and conclusions about the association and probable interrelations between these phenomena, the extent of surgical interventions and the intensity of maladaptive state of respondents were made. At the third stage, the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of a set of psycho-correctional measures took place.The practical significance of the obtained results is provided by the developed set of measures of psychocorrection of psychological maladaptation of combatants who received injuries of the main vessels of the extremities, which consists of 6 stages (initial, general clinical-psychological, general stress-protective, general reconstructive-personal, specifically-differentiated adaptive, supportive), which have both universal and specific target orientation, due to the extent of surgical interventions.
The effectiveness assessment conducted at the end of the psychocorrection showed a significant improvement in the psycho-emotional state and quality of life of the fighters who participated in the activities, compared with the control group
