The purpose of the study is to develop a system of measures for psychological correction of servicemen of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine who took part in hostilities, on the basis of the study of clinical and psychological features, emotional and patho-personological predictors of their post-stress psychological maladaptation.
The results are based on data from a comprehensive survey of 159 servicemen of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine who took part in hostilities. According to the screening of the mental state, out of the total number of surveyed, 103 respondents (64.7%) showed outlined signs of post-stress psychological maladaptation of different intensity (Main Group), in 56 people (35.3%) in was found single individual signs of post-stress psychological maladaptation, or their absence (Comparison Group). The research was performed using socio-demographic, clinical-psychological, psychodiagnostic, and statistical methods.
In the course of work, the psycho-emotional and addictive status of servicemen of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine who took part in hostilities was analyzed; intrapsychic personality traits and behavioral patterns in this contingent were identified, and their psychosocial functioning was assessed. Based on the identification of emotional and patho-personological predictors of post-stress psychological maladaptation in the servicemen of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine who took part in hostilities, a system of measures for its psychological correction was substantiated, developed and implemented.
As a result, it was found that the main clinical and psychological phenomena associated with post-stress psychological maladaptation in servicemen of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are the presence of affective disorders of mild depression (subdepression), comorbid manifestations of addictive behavior, such as risk or harmful consumption of alcohol, tobacco, coffee (tea), cannabinoids, sedatives and stimulants, overeating, watching TV, using the Internet, playing computer games and gambling. Psychosocial descriptors of post-stress psychological maladaptation in this contingent were a decrease in the level of general socio-psychological adaptation and quality of life.
As a result of correlation analysis, pathogenetic and psychopathogenic relationships were established between the state of the psycho-emotional sphere, individual psychological predisposition and manifestations of addictive behavior, as well as between individual-typological characteristics, tension of addictive status, and the state of socio-psychological adaptation and resilience. Most of addictive manifestations (except for work dependence) increase with increasing manifestations of depression, instead, resilience decreases with the activation of addictive behavior, which also applies to socio-psychological adaptation. Manifestations of hyperthymia naturally increase the indicators of adaptation, resilience and quality of life, and decrease the rates of depression and hypochondria.
According to the results of researching patho-personological sphere and differentiation of clinical and psychological specifics of pathopsychological manifestations, two variants of post-stress psychological maladaptation were identified: with a predominance of affective lability, irritability, explosiveness, aggression (affective-aggressive variant – 39 people), and with a predominance of persistent anxiety and depression manifestations and asthenia (astheno-depressive variant - 64 people).
The subjects with affective-aggressive version of post-stress psychological maladaptation were characterized by emotional instability and the presence of internal conflict with multidirectional tendencies, ambivalence of self-esteem, excessive claims, which significantly depended on the current emotional state and external conditions, spontaneous behavior, low conformity, which created a favorable psychological ground for the formation of addictive behavior, as well as psychosomatic disorders. Post-stress psychological maladaptation in these individuals was explosive, with poor control over affective reactions and a tendency to destructive aggression.
The scientific novelty of the work is that on the basis of evidence-based medicine it has been proved that participation in hostilities or protection of the state border in hostilities are extreme stressors, which in many cases form an individual pathological response to pseudo-adaptation. within the concept of “pre-disease”, manifests itself in the form of different clinical and psychological variants of post-stress psychological maladaptation, varying in clinical variability and intensity, which is due to the constellation of emotional and patho-personological predictors.
