Sharan O. International political mechanisms of suppression of separatism in the states of Europe

The thesis is devoted to a profound study of separatism and the international political mechanisms of suppression of this phenomenon in the states of Europe. The state of scientific elaboration of the issue of separatism is clarified. It is determined that most of the modern researchers believe that separatism is an unlawful phenomenon that contradicts the principles of international law and national law of states where disintegration processes take place. The common and distinctive features of separatism in the European countries are studied out on the basis of the comparative analysis. Such types of separatism as Western European, Balkan and Eastern European are substantiated. The political mechanisms of preventing the emergence and spread of separatism, eliminating the causes and conditions of the development of separation movements, methods of suppressing them in the European countries are analyzed. The essence of national mechanisms of suppression of separatism is characterized. The role of the UN and NATO in the development of international cooperation in the field of combating separatism is studied. The international political mechanisms of suppression of separatism are singled out and substantiated and their typology is offered. The methods and ways of suppression of separatism at the level of European regional organizations, in particular the EU, the Council of Europe and the OSCE, are analyzed. The possibilities of applying the practical experience of European states in preventing separatism and overcoming its consequences in Ukraine and other countries that have faced challenges and threats to the national security due to the development of separatist movements are substantiated. The prospects for the use of international political mechanisms of suppression of separatism are outlined.