The typological features of the original genre of chamber concerto for piano and string orchestra are revealed in the work through the prism of several planes: history, peculiarities of interpretation of definitions, musical-stylistic panorama of epochs, orchestra development, originality of string-bow orchestra group, creativity of personalities, intonation-character analysis of dramaturgy.
Musical style panorama of the twentieth century demonstrates an increased interest of composers in the chamber concerto. In this work are studied the causes of this trend and are given the main vectors of further development in the genre searches in Ukrainian music, and the music of Western Europe as well. It is noted that the post-romantic instrumental timbre tendencies, in the aspect of the specifics of the chamber concerto, fall into two opposite vectors of development. One of them, centrifugal — symphonization and extension of chamber instrumentations. The second, centripetal — minimization, cutting off orchestral groups and the author’s artistic self-restraint in the means of expression. Both tendencies operate within the field of instrumental diversification of chamber concertos, and therefore musical works of the mentioned genre are located on the unstable border between instrumental chamber ensemble and symphony.
The obtained results are applied to the brightest examples of concerto for piano and string orchestra in the twentieth century: Theme and Variations ‘The Four Temperaments’ for piano and strings by P. Hindemith, Concerto for piano and strings by A. Schnittke and Chamber Symphony No. 9 ‘Quid pro quo’ by Y. Stankovych. Each of the authors created an original concept of realization of the instrumental format ‘piano with strings’ within the chamber concerto genre. The final result in a matter of dramaturgy is the following range of themes and images: The concept of Human through the prism of functional psychology — P. Hindemith, Eschatological concept of philosophical and religious issues of personality — A. Schnittke, and the concept of subjective rationalization of unattainable in modern reality — Y. Stankovych. Taking into account the variety of ideas in selected works, it is possible to suggest that the chamber concerto focuses composer’s attention on the psychologised, intimate and personal in terms of the formation of intonation-character dramaturgy.
The typological features of the original genre of chamber concerto for piano and string orchestra are revealed in the work through the prism of several aspects: history, musical style panorama of epochs, peculiarities of interpretation of terms, orchestra development, originality of the orchestra strings group, creativity of personalities, intonational-character analysis of the selected works. As a result of the study of the genre cross-section of the chamber concerto for piano and strings, its identification features were structured according to two principles — external and internal.
The first category includes three points:
• acoustic solutions given the dynamic capabilities;
• genre symbiosis of concert’s character, symphonity, ensemblity;
• prevailing decay of the fresco timbres into subcategories (mixed timbres, solo), which leads to greater detailing of the voices texture.
The second (internal) group of features includes seven points:
• reassessment of means of expression;
• minimalization of the musical composition at all structural levels;
• small levels of differentiation at higher semantic load;
• specific features of soloist and orchestra parts;
• prevalence of dominant-solo and parity types of dialogic communication;
• the tendency to compactness and laconicism of form with a cadence-extensive system of solo episodes of the piano part;
• emphasis on the personal in the character sphere of the dramaturgy.
The scientific novelty of the thesis research includes the following points:
• complement and clarification of definitions, which are genre differential guidelines;
• introduction of the concepts of ‘intentional chambernization’ and ‘situational chambernization’;
• intonational and dramaturgic analysis of Concerto for piano with string orchestra by F. Mendelssohn, Themes and Variations ‘The Four Temperaments’ by P. Hindemith, Concerto for piano with string orchestra by A. Schnittke and Chamber Symphony No. 9 ‘Quid pro quo’ by Y. Stankovych in terms of the originality of the instrumental format-genre of the chamber concerto for piano and string orchestra.
