The number of wheeled vehicles is growing every year.
In operation, vehicles have a negative impact on the environment due to emissions of pollutants with exhaust gases and the use of petroleum origin fuels. Vehicles have the most significant negative impact in large cities, where their concentration on the roads is significantly higher than in suburban and main roads.
The amount of fuel consumption and the amount of pollutant emissions are influenced by many factors, among which we single out the thermal state of the vehicle engine. Therefore, the research of a rational method of the engine warm-up as a way of improving fuel economy and ecologic indicators is an urgent task.
As a result of review works of previous researchers’ works, a relationship between increased fuel consumption and pollutant emissions has been found. However, no specific objective parameters of this relationship have been established.
The reduction of pollutant emissions is associated with the efficient operation of the catalytic neutralizer, but the achievement of efficiency is being planned by additional technical means, which may be absent on specific vehicles.
Therefore, there is a need for thermal preparation of engines and neutralizers by a rational method of the engine warm-up.
To achieve this goal, a research methodology has been developed, extended experimental studies have been conducted at low engine temperatures, in particular concentrations of pollutants with exhaust gases, a method of rational engine warm-up has been proposed.
According to the program of experimental researches, parameters of the engine and its systems in road conditions were defined. Studies of the conditional movement of the car Hyundai Getz by to the modes of the New European driving cycle on the bench with running drums have been also carried out.
The mathematical model of the car movement has been specified taking into account the current thermal state of the engine and the possibility of additional heat supply to the intake air.
Scientific novelty of the obtained results:
1. It is established that the most expedient, from the point of view of gasoline economy and reduction of polluting substances emissions with exhaust gases by a method of the modern car engine warm up at low temperatures of atmospheric air is the combined method which includes warming up in idling mode and in driving mode;
2. A method for determining the effect of air heating on the engine intake on the fuel, economic and ecologic indicators of a modern car during warming at low atmospheric temperatures has been developed, there are two approaches provided: by the measured concentrations of pollutants in dilute exhaust gases and by the calculations on the specified mathematical model of pollutant emissions;
3. To implement the developed method and evaluate of gasoline consumption indicators and ecologic indicators in the process of the engine warm up it is proposed to introduce influence coefficients of temperature state, which allow to quantify these indicators in comparison with the heated engine;
4. It is established that heating the air at the inlet to the engine when heating the coolant from 20°C to 50°C in the driving cycle modes reduces fuel consumption by 0.5% and emissions of major pollutants by 6… 7%.
The practical value of the obtained results.
The practical significance of the work is made by:
1. Recommendations for the use of a combined method of the engine warm-up of a modern car with a gasoline injection system, a catalytic neutralizer and feedback in low ambient temperatures.
2. Experimental data on the effect of air heating on the engine intake with a gasoline injection system, catalytic neutralizer and feedback on fuel economy and ecologic indicators of the car.
3. Experimental data on the influence of engine temperature state on fuel consumption and emissions of pollutants with exhaust gases of a modern car.
4. Ecologic indicators and indicators of fuel efficiency of the car while driving by the modes of the European driving cycle.
5. Theoretical and practical results of work obtained during the dissertation research are accepted for usage by the Department of transport infrastructure of the executive body of the Kyiv city council (Kyiv city state administration), and also used in the educational process of the National transport university (Kyiv) in preparing courses «Sustainable development strategy», «Internal combustion engine systems», «Mathematical modeling in the researches of internal combustion engines» and «Greening of internal combustion engines».
Keywords: car with catalytic neutralizer, operating conditions, engine warm-up, fuel consumption, ecologic indicators, pollutants, exhaust gases
